Perianal abscesses do not always lead to anal fistula after incision and drainage. Perianal abscess is usually due to infection, anal fissure and other factors, perianal abscess patients in the operation, may lead to pus cavity secretion residue or surgical drainage is not smooth, may lead to perianal abscess re-infection recurrence or rupture, so as to form anal fistula. Perianal abscess patients with proper postoperative care or when the condition is completely cured, the general phenomenon of anal fistula will not occur. If there is a fistula, patients can use amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs under the guidance of the doctor for treatment; for patients with more serious conditions, can be taken to the anal fistula incision and other surgical methods for treatment. Perianal abscess patients after surgery, should pay attention to keep the local skin clean, to avoid infection, affecting the recovery of the condition, such as physical symptoms, should go to the hospital in a timely manner, consult the physician’s guidance.