There are two possibilities for black material in the ear: 1) External ear canal cerumen; 2) Fungal infection of the external ear canal. External ear canal cerumen is caused by abnormal secretion of ceruminous glands in the cartilaginous part of the external ear canal, and it can cause hearing loss and tinnitus in patients. When the cerumen expands with water, it will cause swelling and pain in the ear. On examination, a dark brown mass-like material is seen deep in the external auditory canal, which is hard to touch. In terms of treatment, this kind of cerumen should not be removed at home by yourself, but needs to be soaked locally with sesame oil and sodium bicarbonate for about five days to soften it, and then go to the hospital to remove it directly with a suction device or cerumen hook to be cured. Fungal infection of the external auditory canal is caused by repeated pulling out of the ear, which leads to skin and mucous membrane damage; repeated water ingress causes fungal infection of the external auditory canal, which will cause itching, ear pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, and black hyphae are seen in the external auditory canal, which is sometimes in the form of a mass-like change. In treatment, fungal disease of the external auditory canal can use Dakinin cream, fluconazole injection for local topical application, twice a day, about ten days can be cured.