Before recognizing these two disorders, there are a few basic concepts that need to be understood. What are seizures, epilepsy, and febrile convulsions? Seizures: They are often self-limiting clinical manifestations due to abnormal over-discharge of some neurons in the brain. These clinical manifestations include a sudden and brief abnormal phenomenon involving motor, sensory, autonomic, and psychiatric events that can be observed by the patient or bystanders. It is emphasized that seizures must have a clinical presentation, which can be either a symptom felt by the patient subjectively or a sign observed objectively. Seizures have a sudden onset and stop, and are transient in nature. Epilepsy: is a disease state of the brain characterized by a persistent susceptibility to produce seizures and the presence of corresponding neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. Epilepsy is not a separate disease entity, but rather a group of neurological disease symptoms with different etiologic bases, characterized by recurrent seizures as a common feature. A diagnosis of epilepsy requires at least one seizure. Febrile convulsions: convulsive seizures (temperature ≥ 38°C) in febrile states in children 6 months of age to 5 years of age without evidence of CNS infection and a clear etiology, and without a history of fever-free convulsions. It follows that febrile children with convulsions at a given age can be diagnosed with febrile convulsions only if intracranial infections and other causes of convulsive seizures are excluded. As we can see from the above definitions, febrile convulsions are an age-dependent disorder that occurs with fever and has some genetic susceptibility, whereas epilepsy is not diagnosed with this limitation. Is there any relationship between febrile convulsions and epilepsy? The prevalence of G after febrile convulsions is reported to be 2%-7%, which is 2-10 times higher than that of the normal population; 10%-15% of G patients have a history of febrile convulsions. Children with a history of febrile convulsions are significantly more likely to develop epilepsy than the normal population, so what type of febrile convulsions have a higher chance of developing epilepsy? If 1 of the 3 risk factors (prolonged, recurrent and focal febrile convulsions) is present, the risk of developing fever-free seizures and epilepsy is 6-8%, while if all 3 risk factors are present, the risk rises to 50%; in addition, the presence of an abnormal neurological or developmental state before the first febrile convulsion; and the presence of a family history of fever-free convulsions are also The presence of a family history of febrile convulsions is also a high risk factor for the development of epilepsy. In addition, febrile convulsions precede the type of epilepsy in 10% to 15% of children with epilepsy, and there is a tendency for febrile convulsions to coexist with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, benign childhood focal epilepsy (Rolandic epilepsy and Panayiotopoulos syndrome), and Dravet syndrome. What is the relationship between febrile convulsions and Dravet syndrome? Dravet syndrome is a rare progressive epileptic encephalopathy with a peak incidence in the first 5 months of life, mostly due to genetic factors. From the age of 2 years, the child develops psychomotor retardation and may present with ataxia, cone fasciculation, and interictal myoclonus. If the child has febrile convulsions there is a seizure duration of more than 15 minutes; seizure symptoms are unilateral; predominantly clonic; frequent seizures; induced by hypothermia, usually with a temperature below 38°C; early onset (<1 year) with no febrile convulsions. The diagnosis is almost established if febrile convulsions are followed by refractory myoclonic seizures and mental decline 1 to 2 years later.