What is hemangioma? Hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor or vascular malformation, most commonly seen in infants at birth or shortly after birth, which originates from the residual embryonic angiogenic cells, the active endothelial germ invades into the adjacent tissues to form endothelial-like cords, and forms hemangiomas by connecting with the remaining blood vessels through tubularization, and the blood vessels in the tumor form a self-contained system without connecting with the surrounding blood vessels. Hemangiomas occurring in the oral and maxillofacial region account for 60% of the hemangiomas in the whole body, most of which occur in the facial skin, subcutaneous tissues and oral mucosa, such as the tongue, lips, the floor of the mouth and other tissues, and a few of them occur in the jawbone or deep tissues. Classification of hemangioma 1.Capillary hemangioma Strawberry capillary hemangioma hemangioma is often not seen at birth, and the lesion is mostly found within one month after birth, which is a small red spot at first, and then grows rapidly, and its shape is named as strawberry. The number of female children with hemangioma is three times of that of male children. In some cases, the growth stops around the age of 1 to 2 years, and most of the children can subside on their own, but a small number of children continue to develop. In addition to occurring in the skin, it can also involve subcutaneous tissue and muscle tissue, and generally does not invade bone tissue. Hemangiomas occurring in the skin or muscle tissue can damage blood vessels causing secondary infection or ulceration, which is a relatively common capillary hemangioma-related syndrome, and there are also presentations of large capillary hemangiomas accompanied by thrombocytopenic purpura in infants and young children . Nevus erythematosus belongs to one kind of capillary hemangioma, also known as grapheme-colored spot, appearing at birth, preferably occurring on the face and neck, mostly unilateral, occasionally bilateral, sometimes involving the mucous membranes. At the beginning, the damage is of different sizes or several light red, dark red or purplish-red patches, irregular shape, clear boundary, not higher or slightly higher than the skin surface, visible capillary dilatation, partially or completely decolorized by pressure, and the surface is smooth. With age, the color deepens and becomes red and purple, 40% of patients’ lesions will gradually expand, and can be thickened and appear nodules before 40 years old, easy to bleed after trauma. Nevus erythematosus is a flattened and rarely raised plaque composed of numerous dilated posterior microvessels, which is a congenital posterior microvascular malformation. The area of the lesion increases accordingly with the growth of the body, and does not subside throughout the life. 2.Cavernous hemangioma Spongiform hemangioma is a vascular malformation with low blood flow that appears at birth, also known as venous malformation. Vascular damage generally develops slowly, often increasing in size during childhood or adolescence, and increasing inconspicuously in adulthood. Most venous malformations are spongy, hence the name. In addition to being located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the lesions may occur under the mucous membranes, in the muscles or even in the bones. In superficial tumors, the surface skin or mucosa is cyanotic; in deep ones, the skin color is normal. On palpation, the mass is soft, with unclear boundary and no pressure pain. The mass shrinks when squeezed, and returns to its original size when the pressure is lifted. If cavernous hemangioma ruptures due to trauma or secondary infection, there is a risk of serious blood loss, and there are many reports in the literature about serious bleeding or even fatal during resection of cavernous hemangioma in bones, especially in the mandible. 3.Trapezoidal hemangioma is a hemangioma which contains anastomosis of small arteries and small veins, and most of them are vascular malformations formed by fistulae of small arteries and small veins in a single incident. It is common in head, face and limbs (fingers, toes and palms, soles of feet), there are many dendritic dilated blood vessels on the surface and around, which are tortuous and trailing, the local skin is dark red or blue-purple, and the vibration can be felt by touching, and the soft and enlarged blood vessels and pulsation can be touched with a cord-like texture, and the local temperature is increased, and the swelling can be narrowed by pressure, and the pulsation can be disappeared by pressure, and the murmur of blood vessels can be heard by auscultation. 4.Mixed hemangioma, this type of hemangioma contains two or more of the above types in terms of pathology and clinical manifestations. Will hemangioma be hereditary? The chance of heredity is quite small, for those who have hemangioma and want to have a baby, they should try to avoid drugs, radiation and other bad triggering factors during pregnancy. There are many treatment methods for hemangioma, which should depend on the type, location, depth of the tumor and the age of the patient. Commonly used methods include: 1) Cryotherapy; 2) Sclerotherapy; 3) Surgery; 4) Copper needle therapy (electrochemistry); 5) Hormone therapy; 6) Radiation and isotope therapy; 7) Photodynamic therapy; 8) External and internal application of traditional Chinese medicines; 9) Traditional laser therapy; and 10) Oral medicines.