Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease based on the disorder of glucose metabolism. After a certain period of time, diabetes can cause many eye complications, and the most serious one is diabetic retinopathy, which can cause a high rate of blindness if left untreated, and even cause severe glaucoma, which can lead to eye pain and eventually only eye removal. The longer the duration of diabetes, the higher the chance of diabetic retinopathy, but clinically, we often see patients come to the clinic with eye lesions, and only after the examination is caused by diabetes, the patient knows that he or she has diabetes. According to expert statistics, patients with diabetes for more than 10 years have a 50% chance of developing diabetic retinopathy, while 30 years is 90%. Diabetic retinopathy can occur in 10% of patients who have had diabetes for about 5-9 years. There are six stages of diabetic retinopathy. In the early stages, there are only a few small aneurysms, small pieces of hemorrhage, exudates and other changes in the fundus, and the patient’s vision may be very good and not easily detected. When the disease progresses to a certain level, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma and other changes appear, the vision will be severely damaged, and in some patients the damage is irreversible. So if we can detect diabetic fundus damage early, to a certain period, timely treatment, we may avoid the possibility of serious fundus changes and save useful vision. The physician recommends that the patient must go to the ophthalmology department for fundus examination as soon as he/she knows that he/she has diabetes, and if necessary, a fundus fluorescence angiography will be performed, and the physician will inform the time of the next fundus examination according to the condition of the fundus. If diabetic retinopathy has already occurred, it can be treated with medication and regular follow-up in the early stages. For patients who have not had laser treatment, it is generally necessary to complete laser treatment of the entire fundus in four sessions per eye, once a week, which we call total retinal photocoagulation. The pupil needs to be dilated before each laser session, so it is best to have a family member with you when you come to the hospital. Patients may experience mild eye discomfort while undergoing laser treatment or afterwards, and may take pain medication before or after surgery if needed. Patients may experience a slight loss of vision or dark shadows in front of their eyes after surgery, which usually improves on its own after 1-2 weeks. The purpose of the laser is not to improve vision, but to prevent the progression of diabetic fundopathy. Two months after the laser is completed, the fundus fluoroscopic angiography should be reviewed and a follow-up laser should be performed if necessary. Because diabetes cannot be cured, the lesions in the fundus also need to be monitored by an ophthalmologist at all times to detect problems and treat them whenever possible. At each visit, the physician will inform the next visit based on the condition of the fundus, and the patient should be on time for the visit. Treatment of diabetes requires active cooperation between the physician and the patient to achieve the best results. Otherwise, there is a risk of losing everything. In diabetic retinopathy, if fundus laser treatment is not performed in time, or if the treatment is too late, or if the patient is not reviewed in time after the treatment, the lesion may progress to a more serious level and the patient is unable to undergo laser treatment, and vitrectomy is required, after which a significant number of patients will have more satisfactory vision. The laser treatment can be completed together with the surgery, but the laser treatment needs to be completed in time after the surgery, otherwise the bleeding may recur and the vision will be lost again.