The knee joint is one of the largest joints in the body and carries the weight of almost all of the body’s weight, as well as a variety of leg movements. The knee joint is prone to wear and degeneration as a result of walking, jumping, and climbing, and if not protected in daily life, it can easily become painful, swollen, and even deformed, with limited movement. In China, knee pain is very common among middle-aged and elderly people. However, there are many causes of knee pain, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, meniscus damage, and so on. Osteoarthritis, commonly known as osteophytes, is mainly characterized by degenerative changes in joint cartilage and secondary osteophytes at the edges of the joint surface (also known as “bone spurs”), and is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially women. The onset of the disease is associated with age, obesity, heavy physical activity, excessive exercise, inappropriate exercise, and genetic factors. Many joints throughout the body can be involved, mainly the knee joint, hip joint, small finger joints, shoulder joint, and small spinal joints. In China, osteoarthritis of the knee joint is the most common. In osteoarthritis of the knee, some people experience constant dull pain in the knee, some have swollen joints, while others experience sudden and severe pain when moving around and have a “weak leg”. Joint pain is characterized by an increase in activity and a decrease in rest, and some people have “nocturnal pain”. Joint pain is initially episodic, often triggered by cold, overexertion or minor sprains. In some cases, the pain only occurs once in a year or two, but as the disease progresses, the attacks become more frequent and eventually become persistent. When knee pain occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, they should go to regular medical institutions early for standardized and effective treatment. First of all, pay attention to the protection of joint cartilage, in daily life should pay attention to “three don’ts”, don’t mountaineering, don’t play Tai Chi, don’t weight on the stairs, to avoid excessive load on the knee joint and aggravate the disease. In addition, maintain an appropriate weight to prevent obesity and increase the burden on the joints of the lower extremities. Once you are overweight, you should actively lose weight and pay attention to diet regulation and weight control. For patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, swimming and walking are the best exercises that do not increase the weight on the knee joint, but also allow the muscles and ligaments around the knee joint to be exercised. Next, supine leg lifts and empty pedal bicycles are the best exercises for patients. If joint pain is more pronounced, oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications, cartilage supplements, and joint cavity injections to supplement lubricants are also feasible. In the early stages of osteoarthritis, standardized treatment can effectively reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Unfortunately, many patients lack the correct understanding of this, thinking that they are just cold, wearing a knee brace, strapping a warm water bag, and taking some painkillers when they are strong, thinking that the pain will pass, but who knows that the pain is getting worse. As a result, many patients come to the doctor only after a month, two months or even half a year of pain. As a result, the initial roughness of the cartilage surface becomes uneven over time due to lack of proper treatment, and the opportunity for early treatment is obviously lost. If osteoarthritis is not taken seriously, in the late stages, the cartilage wear is so severe that the knee joint may even become deformed and become O-legged or X-legged, and conservative treatment is hardly effective anymore. In clinical practice, many patients have had knee pain for several years or even more than 10 years without receiving standardized and effective treatment until they have severe pain or joint deformity and are unable to walk, wheelchair-bound or bedridden for long periods of time. What should not happen is that due to prolonged bed rest, the patient is prone to complications of “three highs” – high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high blood lipids, and the accompanying osteoporosis, heart and lung infections, pressure sores, etc., which seriously affect the quality of life of the middle-aged and elderly. Surgery is the only way to relieve the pain and suffering of this disease. Knee surface replacement has very good surgical results for severe pain with joint deformity, and after surgery, it can be restored to normal living conditions, which fundamentally solves the discomfort of the knee joint and greatly improves the quality of life, thus allowing the elderly to have a sense of purpose and enjoyment in their old age. As the saying goes, “Young couples are old companions”, in their twilight years, they do not suffer from knee pain, they go for a walk in the garden and lawn together, they go to their good friends’ houses for tea and chatting together, that is the joy and self-congratulation that many elderly people wish for, and that is our common expectation as children. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people with knee pain should pay attention to it and treat it early.