Recently, the results of a new study involving researchers from China, published at the 2012 International Stroke Conference, showed that exposure to NO2 and PM10 was significantly associated with stroke hospitalization in all age groups during the cold season, when pollution levels were greater than 50% of the warm season. Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States and the 1st leading cause of death in China. The study was conducted in Wuhan, China, where the level and extent of air pollution is higher than in large cities in the United States and Europe. There is a paucity of research on the association between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease. The study obtained daily data on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), airborne particulate matter (PM10) concentrations below 10 um, and average temperature and humidity, and stroke hospitalizations from 2006 to 2008 from 5 large hospitals. 9 air pollution monitoring sites were located throughout the city, and daily data were averaged over 3 years. The effect of air pollution on stroke hospitalizations was assessed seasonally. The results showed that there were 10,663 stroke hospitalizations between 2006 and 2008. There were significant differences in pollution levels by season, and PM10 was higher than the US average. For winter and spring, stroke hospitalizations were significantly associated with elevated PM10 and NO2 levels, with each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 associated with a 2.9% increase in stroke events. In addition, each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM10 concentrations was significantly associated with about 1% increase in stroke hospitalizations, while SO2 levels had no significant effect on stroke hospitalizations. For the less polluted summer and autumn months, pollution levels corrected for temperature and humidity were not significantly associated with stroke hospitalizations.