Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs on the mucosa of the bladder. It is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system and one of the ten most common tumors in the whole body. It accounts for the first place in the incidence of genitourinary tumors in China, while in the West its incidence ranks second only to prostate cancer. Bladder cancer can occur at any age, even in children. The high incidence age is 50-70 years old. The incidence of bladder cancer in men is three to four times that of women. Pathological types of bladder cancer include bladder uroepithelial carcinoma, bladder squamous cell carcinoma, bladder adenocarcinoma, and other rare ones include clear cell carcinoma of the bladder, small cell carcinoma of the bladder, and bladder carcinoid tumor. The most common type of bladder cancer is uroepithelial carcinoma of the bladder, which accounts for more than 90% of all bladder cancer patients. Bladder cancer is currently clinically classified into non-muscle infiltrating (superficial) bladder cancer and muscle infiltrating (invasive) bladder cancer. 70% of patients have superficial tumors and 30% of patients have invasive tumors.
Superficial bladder tumors are mostly treated with transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery. Since uroepithelial bladder cancer is prone to recurrence, postoperative bladder irrigation therapy and regular review are usually required. For patients with invasive bladder cancer, some patients can also undergo bladder perfusion depending on the pathological results and the patient’s specific condition, but radical bladder surgery is recommended if the disease is more severe. Bladder perfusion is generally performed on a regular schedule, and most units currently require patients to be perfused once a week for 6 to 8 weeks in the immediate postoperative period, after which follow-up treatment is performed based on the results of the review. Possible complications during instillation are symptoms of urinary tract irritation: frequency, urgency, and painful urination, and some patients may have fever. These symptoms occur due to the irritation of the bladder by the medication. If symptoms occur they usually require oral antibiotics as well as drinking plenty of fluids, most will resolve, if not they will need to be suspended until they are cured, otherwise they can lead to more serious symptoms. Temporary interruption of treatment will not affect bladder tumor recurrence.
In patients with bladder irrigation, urinalysis often shows some “inflammation”, but if there is no significant discomfort, there is no need to interrupt treatment because some patients have prostate enlargement (men) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (women), so treatment of these concomitant conditions can often be effective. For patients with urogenital malformations normal perfusion is recommended if available.