Pain in the kidney needs to be considered as a cause of ureteral stones or acute pyelonephritis. In both cases, analysis is needed. Ureteral stones can block the ureter and cause spasm in the ureter, which increases the pressure in the ureter, so it leads to pain in the kidney. This pain is sometimes very intense. Acute pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection, usually a bacterial infection, and can also cause clinical symptoms such as kidney pain, pain in the lower back and abdomen, and percussion pain in the kidney area. The treatment methods for ureteral stones and pyelonephritis are different. Ureteral stones require different treatment methods depending on the size, location, shape, and density of the stones. If the stones are small, it is recommended that they can be treated with medication; if they are large, it is recommended that they can be treated with minimally invasive surgery. For acute pyelonephritis, it is recommended that anti-inflammatory drugs can be administered intravenously for treatment. After the fever has subsided, the treatment can be changed to oral anti-inflammatory drugs after 3 days.