Fine needle aspiration cytology can accurately detect breast cancer, and it is a minimally invasive test with high sensitivity and specificity, which is easy to be accepted by patients and has a large clinical application. However, it can only do pathological cytological examination but not histological examination, and cannot determine the origin of the cells, but immunohistochemical detection by making cell wax blocks can further assist in diagnosis. For patients with advanced breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be administered after clear diagnosis by cytological examination, and chemotherapy regimen can be guided according to the preliminary results of immunohistochemical examination of cell wax blocks. In cases where repeated needle aspiration has little or questionable cellular components to make a cytologic diagnosis, and where there is a high clinical suspicion of malignancy, surgical biopsy should be recommended. If fine needle aspiration makes a positive diagnosis in the history, immunohistochemistry can be routinely done to provide a basis for subsequent treatment. At present, the application of breast ultrasound, mammography, breast MRI, breast PET-CT, coarse needle biopsy, crochet needle localization, and breast ductoscopy biopsy provide colorful options for the diagnosis of breast cancer, but in the end, fine needle aspiration cytology is unparalleled in terms of its practical and inexpensive effects. Moreover, through clinical observation, for nodular hyperplastic glandular tissue, striated hyperplastic glandular tissue, lumpy hyperplastic glandular tissue and other tangible breast hyperplastic diseases, fine needle aspiration cytology examination can obtain the effect of acupuncture to unblock meridians, acupuncture to relieve pain and acupuncture to disperse nodules, achieving a perfect combination of diagnosis and treatment of breast hyperplastic lesions. Fine needle puncture method: 10ml disposable syringe is used, and a special made handle is added to the back of the barrel core to play the role of hand grip convenience and keep continuously increasing negative pressure. After routine sterilization, the thumb and index finger of the left hand fix the mass, the puncture needle enters the mass, the right hand holds the special handle into negative pressure, and the puncture needle is extracted back and forth in the mass 2 to 3 times, if necessary in different directions of the mass, but the needle tip should not exceed the opposite side of the mass, so as not to push the tumor cells into the normal tissue on the opposite side if it is a malignant tumor and cause the spread of the tumor. After aspiration, withdraw the tumor to remove the syringe, remove the negative pressure, and then pull out the fine needle. Then the syringe will be aspirated with some air and then connected to the needle, the air inside the syringe will be pushed out, the liquid and cells inside the needle will be placed on the glass slides, 4-5 smears will be made quickly and DQ stained. DQ method: It is to dry the slip smears in air, then dip them 5 times in methanol fixative, 5 times in staining solution I (eosin G) and 5 times in staining solution II (thiazide dye) one after another, and then rinse them carefully with distilled water. The whole staining process takes about 15 seconds. With the popularization of social health knowledge, people have become more aware of breast cancer, and breast cancer patients are thus able to seek early medical attention, making early diagnosis of breast cancer possible. In order to improve the quality of life of patients, breast cancer has shifted from the “maximum treatment tolerated” to the “minimum effective treatment” rational surgical approach, and the treatment of breast cancer has shifted from a single anatomical-biological model to a psychosocial-biological model, but not before the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However, before the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can be made, a biopsy must be performed to obtain a pathological histological diagnosis before further specific treatment can be given. For this reason, minimally invasive diagnosis before surgery can provide more time for physicians and patients to think and choose a more individualized and comprehensive treatment plan according to the patient’s specific situation, making breast cancer treatment more rational. Fine needle aspiration cytology not only achieves minimally invasive diagnosis, but also obtains active treatment, especially for patients with mammogram classification up to grade 3, which has positive significance for early diagnosis and treatment. With the improvement of cytological diagnostic techniques, the test has been extended to molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative DNA assay, telomerase assay, sex hormone receptor assay, Her-2 assay, etc. For patients with clinically palpable breast lesions, clinicians prefer continuous negative pressure fine needle aspiration cytology examination, which is simple, rapid, economical, less painful for patients, and less complications after aspiration. The Breast Surgery Department of the City Maternity Hospital has studied the cell smear after fine needle aspiration, using the DQ rapid staining method, which can complete staining and judgment within 1 minute, which is simpler and faster than other methods, and the examination method has higher diagnostic accuracy for breast The DQ rapid staining method can be used to stain and judge the tumor in less than a minute than other methods. Through 100 patients with breast cancer definitely diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology, they were diagnosed as cancer by intraoperative rapid freezing and pathological biopsy without false positive diagnosis, which shows that the method of fine-needle aspiration cytology for breast cancer diagnosis is reliable and can be used as a basis for clinicians to perform surgery. Molecular markers of tumor are abnormally expressed bioactive substances produced by tumor tissues and cells, which can reflect the malignant biological behavior of tumor growth, infiltration, metastasis and development, etc. ER, PR, CerbB-2 and Ki67 are the classical class of markers whose expression status is important for the selection of endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and prognosis of breast cancer, thus immunohistochemical staining becomes Immunohistochemical staining has become the most commonly used method to assess the histological status of tumors. The question arises as to whether immunohistochemistry of fine needle aspiration specimens can accurately reflect the histological status of the whole tumor. The most important feature of making cell wax blocks from cells aspirated by fine needle aspiration is that they can be serially sectioned and used for multiple antibody staining to meet diagnostic needs. Cell wax blocks have been operated as a routine technique abroad as an important adjunct in cytologic diagnosis. Compared to the gold standard pathology, fine needle aspiration has the disadvantage of low cell count, which can only be obtained by using multi-directional or even multi-point sampling in order to obtain a higher cell count, and by rinsing out the cells remaining in the needle after the direct smear is completed to make a cell wax block. The minimally invasive diagnostic method of fine needle aspiration cytology is simple, rapid, economical and accurate, which not only can provide qualitative diagnosis of breast tumors with high diagnostic compliance, but also makes cytological immunohistochemistry simple and practical by making cell wax blocks, which can accurately reflect the histological status of the whole tumor and is worthy of clinical promotion.