What exactly is a herniated lumbar disc? To clarify this issue, we must first know what the structure of the “intervertebral disc” is. “The intervertebral disc is the connecting device of the vertebrae, including the “fibrous ring” and the “nucleus pulposus”, such as a capsule wrapped in water. The “annulus fibrosus” is equivalent to the “capsule”, and the “nucleus pulposus” is equivalent to the “water” in the capsule. In addition to the role of bone connection, it also plays the role of “shock absorption and bending” like a “spring cushion” to ensure the flexibility of waist movement. Therefore, from this level, the “capsule” is more prone to injury, which can be caused by trauma, strain, flash and certain congenital deficiencies. Once the “fibrous ring” is damaged, the “capsule” cannot be wrapped in “water”, and the “nucleus pulposus” will protrude from the damaged “fibrous ring”. The nucleus pulposus will protrude from the damaged “fibrous ring” and produce symptoms if the nerve is compressed. The clinical symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are not identical, but most of them are mainly low back and leg pain, which can be simple low back pain, simple leg pain, or both low back and leg pain; numbness of the limbs, cold and soreness is also one of the common symptoms. Generally speaking, the first symptom of nerve compression is “numbness”, and the main cause of “pain” is the change in the environment around the nerve caused by the herniated nucleus pulposus, which generates inflammatory media to stimulate the nerve root and other tissues. It can be seen that the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are related to the compression site and the degree of compression of the “herniation”. The main ones are as follows: 1. lumbar pain and radiating pain and numbness in the area where the sciatic nerve goes, even muscle weakness and atrophy. 2. Pain in the lower limbs alone. 3, pain on one or both sides of the hip, or with low back pain. 4.The painful symptoms are aggravated by walking or activity, and can be improved by lying in bed. 5.Walking no more than 100 meters, need to rest and then walk again. 6.Other atypical symptoms. However, the symptoms are not exactly the same in every patient, which is why it is difficult to make a quick clinical diagnosis, and further “CT” and “MR” examinations are often required. With the development and progress of medical technology, the technology of endophytic material is becoming more and more mature, and lumbar spine surgery no longer seems scary. Surgical (open) treatment can be divided into “fusion and non-fusion” two categories, as patients do not have to look into. As a doctor, I think the most important thing is to strictly control the indications for surgery and reduce unnecessary trauma during surgery. In any case, the advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment are obvious. I would like to caution my patients to pay attention to several points: 1. The appearance of symptoms has affected normal life; 2. The severity of symptoms has exceeded their tolerance level; 3. Recurrent attacks and the presence of abnormal neurological symptoms; 4. After more than three months of regular non-surgical treatment; 5. Hoping to shorten the course of the disease and reduce the burden; 6. The imaging diagnosis is compatible with clinical symptoms; 7. The trust in the doctor is high High trust in the doctor and can trust his life. The above is for reference, if three to four points match or more, surgery can be considered. Up to this point, many patients and families facing surgery ask the same question: “What are the sequelae of surgery?” Theoretically, the possibility of sequelae brought about by the surgical operation is unlikely. All sequelae vary according to the severity of the patient’s primary disease, the number of complications, and the chosen surgical procedure, but generally there are no sequelae that exceed the degree of the primary disease and there is no need to worry too much.