Our ophthalmology department has been studying nystagmus for many years, and foreign research on nystagmus has been very active in recent years, and the treatment of nystagmus, the surgical treatment of nystagmus has become more and more advanced and mature, and the equipment for nystagmus treatment and examination has also become more and more advanced. To be honest, the treatment of nystagmus is very difficult and the treatment effect is not ideal, especially the nystagmogram is very difficult to examine, and the treatment of this disease is “laborious and unpleasant”, so few ophthalmologists in China are engaged in the research of this disease, and we sometimes see the painful condition of children suffering from nystagmus, which is very It is heartbreaking to see the painful conditions of children with nystagmus, so that the quality of vision of these children can be improved and enhanced after systematic treatment. Recently, we had the opportunity to have a detailed discussion with the famous American nystagmus experts, Prof. Hertle and Prof. deongshengyang, about the nystagmus chart, surgical treatment methods and conservative treatment methods for nystagmus patients. Nystagmus is a complex disease with worldwide problems. The causes and manifestations of nystagmus are diverse and involve many disciplines. The most closely related to ophthalmology is congenital nystagmus, and the treatment of nystagmus has been troubling ophthalmologists for many years, as well as the children and parents. The Nystagmus Treatment Group of Beijing Children’s Hospital Ophthalmology Department has been formally established. Over the years, we have conducted more in-depth and comprehensive research and clinical practice on this disease, and here we summarize the latest treatment progress of nystagmus and the questions parents often ask us, and communicate with parents and friends, hoping to help parents and friends better understand the disease, be able to early detection, better cooperation with treatment, in order to We hope to help parents understand the disease better, detect it early, and cooperate with the treatment to achieve better treatment results. 1. Why does nystagmus occur? Cause 1: Some scholars believe that congenital nystagmus is the result of the failure of the sfoweyemovementsubsystem, which operates under abnormal conditions of high gain. The rapid sweeping motion interrupts this slow phase and returns to the gaze position, which constitutes the fast phase of the tremor. Cause 2: Other scholars believe that the defect in the subcortical optokinetic system causes the eye to deviate from the gaze position due to the instability of the gaze, and that correcting the eye movement brings the eye back to the gaze position. Recent studies by Dell’osso et al., renowned experts in nystagmus, have shown that patients with congenital nystagmus have a strong fixation reflex, normal smoothpursultmotion, and good vestibular glance reflex function. They concluded that although the exact function of the incoming impulses to the proprioceptors of the extraocular muscles is not known, it has an effect on both eye position and velocity of movement in the feedback loops, and therefore congenital nystagmus may be due to instability in the peripheral part of these feedback loops. The details of the pathogenesis of congenital nystagmus need to be further investigated. Since the control of eye movements is a circular feedback mechanism, multiple links can control eye movements, including the structure of the eye, afferent pathways, diseases of the central brain, and diseases affecting vestibular function can cause nystagmus; for example, visual impairment nystagmus, otogenic nystagmus, and central nystagmus. Although it is not a common or frequent disease, it is not rare in clinical practice. These diseases seriously affect the visual function, appearance, and mobility of patients. 2. What are proprioceptors? One of the main surgical procedures for nystagmus is the removal of the proprioceptors. Why can removal of the proprioceptors improve nystagmus? The proprioceptors are receptors located in muscles, tendons and joints that sense changes in body movement and position in space and provide information to the center. When the eye moves, the mechanical stretching of the muscle and tendon becomes a suitable stimulus for the proprioceptors, and the degree of stretching is transmitted to the center. Dr. Bai Dayong (deputy head of the nystagmus treatment team at Beijing Children’s Hospital): Through current international basic and clinical research, it has been found that removal of the proprioceptors can improve the frequency and amplitude of nystagmus to some extent without causing any serious complications in children, and has become a mainstream surgical procedure for the treatment of nystagmus. 3.What are the diseases included in nystagmus in ophthalmology? Nystagmus is not usually an independent disease, but can be combined with ophthalmic or systemic pathologies. It is mainly divided into the following two categories: 1. From the ophthalmology point of view, there are the following categories: 1. albinism; 2. congenital cataract; 3. optic nerve dysplasia; 4. macular degeneration; 5. retinitis pigmentosa; 6. congenital glaucoma; 7. corneal leukoplakia and other diseases that seriously affect vision can cause nystagmus; 8. nystagmus of unknown etiology; 2. special types of nystagmus: 1. Vertical nystagmus; 2. Upward jumping nystagmus; 3. Downward jumping nystagmus; 4. Seesaw-like nystagmus; 5. Periodic changing nystagmus; The above nystagmus is caused by central lesions in the brain, such as occupying lesions, inflammation, hemorrhage, and other central lesions, which must be seen in the neurology department of specialized hospitals to avoid delays and treatment.