How can hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers avoid mother-to-child transmission? HBV infection in our population: the hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate of people aged 1-59 years is 7.18%, including 0.96% for children aged 1-4 years and 2.08% for children under 15 years old, and it is estimated that there are about 96 million hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in the country. 1. What is mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B? Hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive mothers; especially surface antigen, e antigen double-positive mothers; in the process of pregnancy and delivery, the hepatitis B virus transmitted to the fetus or newborn, causing the process of infant hepatitis B virus infection. 2. What are the ways of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B positive? Commonly found in three forms: (1) intrauterine transmission: Infants are infected with hepatitis B virus through the blood circulation in the mother’s body, and this vertical mode of transmission causes about 5-15% of the infection. (2) Intrapartum transmission: When the baby’s skin or mucous membrane is abraded or the placenta is absconded during delivery, the virus in the mother’s blood enters the newborn through the ruptured placenta and enters the cord blood. This process has the greatest potential for infection and is the most common. Amniotic fluid and vaginal secretions also contain virus and can also transmit the hepatitis B virus. (3) Horizontal transmission: close contact between the baby and the mother, breastfeeding, can also transmit the hepatitis B virus. 3. The most effective mother-to-child interruption measures for hepatitis B positive mothers and infants are the injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine as early as possible after the birth of the newborn. (1) Hepatitis B vaccine: newborns are given 10μg of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth, 1 month and 6 months respectively. the first injection for newborns must be given within 24 hours of birth, the earlier the vaccination time the better. (2) Hepatitis B high-valent immunoglobulin: 100 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin is injected within 24 hours of birth. 4. Risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B positive The level of hepatitis B virus (HBV-DNA) in pregnant women is positively correlated with mother-to-child transmission: (1) high risk: HBV-DNA > 1×106 copeis/ml; (2) low risk: HBV-DNA 1×103- 6 copeis/ml; (3) low risk: HBV-DNA 1×103- 6 copeis/ml; (4) high risk: HBV-DNA > 1×106 copeis/ml. 6 copeis/ml; (3) Very low risk: HBV-DNA <1×103 copeis/ml. 5, hepatitis B positive breastfeeding advice for hepatitis B positive mothers, if the baby was born early vaccinated against hepatitis B and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, can be breastfed. Matters needing attention: (1) must be on time throughout the baby hepatitis B vaccination; (2) regular monitoring of the blood surface antibody, if negative, indicating a lack of protective antibodies, breastfeeding should be suspended, timely vaccination; (3) such as the baby's mouth or digestive tract mucosa damage or mother's nipple rupture, hepatitis B virus can enter the capillaries cause infection, so suspend breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is not suitable in the following cases: (1) Hepatitis B virus can be detected in breast milk; (2) Hepatitis B virus positive with abnormal liver function, indicating that the virus is active and highly contagious to the baby; (3) The mother is "triple positive", i.e. the hepatitis B markers are HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc positive.