Cystoscopy is used for the imaging and pathologic diagnosis of bladder diseases, as well as for the treatment of certain vesicourethral diseases. Cystoscopy is an endoscope that enters the bladder through the urethra to perform imaging of bladder stones and tumors, and biopsy of suspected tumor foci for pathology, which can assist in the diagnosis of bladder and urethral diseases. The source of hematuria can be identified by observing the presence of blood spurting from the ureteral orifice, which can identify upper and lower urinary tract diseases. Cystoscopy can also be used in the treatment of some lower urinary tract diseases. For example, certain foreign bodies in the urethra as well as the bladder, small stones, and ureteral DJ tube removal are treated through cystoscopy. Cystoscopy is an important modality for the diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract disorders, and should be performed as prescribed by your doctor if indications for cystoscopy or treatment exist.