Cerebral infarction is an ischemic cerebrovascular disease with an average recurrence rate of more than 40% within five years. The pathological basis of cerebral infarction is atherosclerosis, which is a progressive chronic disease with high morbidity, so cerebral infarction is characterized by high recurrence rate and high disability rate. Prevention measures are necessary for both patients with cerebral infarction and people at high risk of cerebral infarction. Secondary prevention of cerebral infarction refers to the prevention and treatment measures for patients who have already suffered from cerebral infarction, with the aim of improving symptoms, reducing the rate of death and disability, and preventing recurrence of cerebral infarction. There are two main measures for secondary prevention of cerebral infarction, one is to find and control risk factors; the other is reliable and continuous drug treatment.
The prevention of cerebral infarction should be comprehensive in terms of diet, exercise, medication, risk factor control, etc. Especially for patients with cerebral infarction, the purpose of prevention is to improve symptoms and prevent progression and recurrence. The prevention and treatment of cerebral infarction should include two ABCDEs, which run through all stages of the acute late stage, recovery period and sequelae period of cerebral infarction, and only by adhering to secondary prevention can we effectively treat the causes and effectively reduce recurrence.
Secondary prevention advocates “double effective”, that is, effective drugs and effective doses. Eating and stopping is a taboo for secondary prevention of cerebral infarction, which is not only ineffective but also more dangerous. There are two “ABCDE” for secondary prevention, one cannot be missing.
(A) ABCDE
A, aspirin (Aspirine)
The main purpose is to prevent platelet agglutination and release, improve the balance of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2, and prevent atherosclerosis thrombosis. However, 47% of people have medication resistance to aspirin, so it is often taken together with long-acting herbs to increase the efficacy and reduce side effects and drug resistance.
B. Blood pressure and blood lipids (Bloodpressurecontrol)
The higher the blood pressure, the greater the chance of cerebral infarction or recurrence of cerebral infarction; high blood pressure makes blood sticky and blood flow slow, reducing the amount of blood supplied to the brain; on the other hand, it damages the endothelium of blood vessels and forms atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of blood vessels, directly leading to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. All belong to primary high-risk factor diseases, and effective treatment can prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
C, Chinese medicine prevention and treatment (Chinesemedicine)
Modern herbal medicine with large recipes of local ingredients has precise and comprehensive clinical effects in preventing and treating cerebral infarction, including traditional medicine with characteristics of activating blood stasis, aromatic opening of the orifice, and lipid-lowering and anticoagulant herbal medicine.
D. Diabetescontrol
More than 80% of diabetes leads to abnormal lipid metabolism, often accompanied by atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia complicating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the increased glucose content in the blood also increases blood viscosity and coagulation, which is conducive to the formation of cerebral infarction. Diabetic patients should be low sugar and low calorie diet, appropriate use of hypoglycemic drugs.
E .Education for rehabilitation
Strengthen the popularization of knowledge on prevention of cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension through network publicity, free practical reading materials and regular rehabilitation guidance. Actively intervene in risk factors so that patients can patiently accept long-term prevention and treatment measures and actively cooperate with drug treatment.
(II) ABCDE
A , active exercise (Accumulatesexercise)
Appropriate exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce cholesterol deposition in the body and improve insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial for preventing obesity, controlling body weight, increasing circulatory function, adjusting blood lipids and lowering blood pressure, and reducing blood clots, and is an active measure to prevent and treat cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, cerebral cavernous infarction). Patients with cerebral infarction should be selected according to their personal physical conditions, and should perform appropriate and moderate physical exercise and physical activities to the extent that they do not feel fatigue. It is not appropriate to do strenuous exercise, such as fast running, mountain climbing, etc. Aerobic exercises such as jogging, walking, soft gymnastics, tai chi, etc. can be performed.
B, weight control (BMIcontrol)
Maintain or reduce weight, so that BMI is maintained at 18.5-24.9kg/m2, waist circumference <2250px.
C, quit smoking and limit alcohol (Cigarettequitting)
Cigarettes contain more than 3,000 kinds of harmful substances, nicotine inhalation in the human body, can stimulate the plant nerve, so that blood vessels spasm, heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, blood cholesterol increases, thus accelerating atherosclerosis.
D, reasonable diet (Diet)
Food diversity, cereal-based; eat more peaches, oranges, bananas, spinach, beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes and other potassium-rich food, can lower blood pressure, prevent stroke; calcium deficiency can prompt small arteries spasm, blood pressure rise, daily intake of more than 1 gram of calcium, can lower blood pressure; magnesium and calcium have similar effects, should eat more coarse grains, nuts, seaweed and other magnesium-rich food; eat more vegetables, bananas, potatoes and fiber-rich food Eat milk, beans or their products every day; often eat the right amount of fish, poultry and eggs, lean meat, less fat, meat skin, hooves and meat dishes; food and physical activity to balance, maintain the appropriate weight; eat light less salt, less sugar diet, the amount of salt down to about 6 grams a day.
E .Emotional stability (Emotion)
Optimism, stable emotions, a relaxed and balanced mind is not only an important factor in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but also the key and secret to achieving a long life.
Children who are filial to their loved ones who suffer from cardiovascular disease and need secondary prevention, go and supervise whether they have these two life-and-death five preventive measures in place, supervise them to take medication on time and effectively, exercise effectively, control risk factors effectively, etc.
Six pairs of brain nerves are involved in the process of swallowing movement.