Nucleic acids include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are large molecules that are made up of nucleotide monomers bound together. The monomers that synthesize DNA are deoxyribonucleotides, and the monomers that synthesize RNA are ribonucleotides. Nucleic acids are one of the most important substances that make up the cells of living organisms and are the genetic material of living organisms. The coding of nucleic acids stores the genetic information and ensures that it remains unchanged during cell division by means of semiconservative replication. DNA is generally found in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms and prokaryotic organisms, a small amount of DNA also exists in the mitochondria, and the genetic material of some viruses is also DNA, while RNA is transcribed from DNA, which can be categorized into messenger RNA, transporter RNA, nuclease, and small-molecule RNA.