The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome, was first described by Dr. Reaven in 1988. In some people, insulin resistance was found to be associated with hyperinsulinemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, increased triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, and often with increased blood pressure. Because more was not known about the disease at the time, it was referred to as “syndrome X”. The following year, Kaplan proposed a similar problem, calling abdominal obesity, IGT, elevated triglycerides and hypertension the “deadly quartet”. Later, it was found that in addition to the above-mentioned components, syndrome X with insulin resistance as the pathological basis has several other conditions, such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, increased small and dense LDL and MLDL particles, polycystic ovary syndrome, increased androgens due to other causes in women, microalbuminuria, hyperuricemia, and increased fibrinogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and decreased fibrinolysis. In 1991, De fronzo referred to this syndrome as insulin resistance syndrome. More recently, Dr. Courten et al. suggested that hyperleptinemia, an increase in leptin, a protein encoded by the obesity gene, should be included in this syndrome. In 1997, Zimmet et al. named the syndrome metabolic syndrome because of its close association with several metabolism-related diseases. The diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome are constantly being revised and improved, and the latest diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome are as follows: 1) abdominal obesity: waist circumference over 102cm for men and 88cm for women; 2) triglycerides equal to or more than 1.70mmol/L; 3) HDL cholesterol less than 1.03mmol./L for men and less than 1.30mmol./L for women; 4) blood pressure equal to or more than 130/kg; 4) blood pressure equal to or more than 130/kg. 3) Blood pressure equal to or more than 130/85mmHg; 5) Fasting blood sugar equal to or more than 6.1mmol/L. A definite diagnosis can be made if three or more of the above conditions are met. What is insulin resistance? The human pancreas secretes insulin according to different metabolic needs during the life process, while all tissues and organs of the body use insulin to complete the normal metabolic process. The ability of the body to use insulin under normal physiological conditions is gradually reduced due to the interaction of genetic defects, poor diet, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise, overweight and obesity, and psychological imbalance. In order to complete the metabolic process, the body compensates by increasing the amount of insulin secretion, resulting in an increase in blood insulin and forming hyperinsulinemia, a phenomenon clinically known as insulin resistance. As early as the 1930s, Himsworth et al. observed that diabetic patients had a marked difference in the hypoglycemic response to exogenous insulin, i.e., two phenomena of insulin sensitivity and insensitivity, and first used the term insulin resistance. The occurrence of hyperinsulinemia further affects the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body, and patients successively develop a series of risk factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, such as decreased high-density lipoprotein, increased low-density lipoprotein, decreased glucose tolerance, increased blood uric acid, and decreased fibrinolytic activity. Therefore, insulin resistance can cause hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, hypercoagulability, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and many other diseases. Based on the discovery of insulin receptors, the establishment of insulin radioimmunoassay and insulin receptor assay, and the world’s recognized “gold standard” for the determination of insulin resistance: the euglycemic insulinclamp technique, the study of insulin resistance has been greatly facilitated. The introduction of the eug-lycemic insulinclamp technique has greatly facilitated the study of insulin resistance. In the past decade or so, the metabolic syndrome has been intensively researched, and Dr. Stern proposed the so-called “common soil” theory, which suggests that insulin resistance and its secondary metabolic disorders are the common soil of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. Insulin resistance is the main thread running through various metabolism-related diseases, the link between them, and the common pathophysiological basis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Starting from the prevention of insulin resistance and its derived metabolic abnormalities and other multiple risk factors, we focus on the high-risk group of insulin resistance syndrome, early detection and early intervention, and form a new strategic idea of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.