Hypertension and diabetes Diabetes itself causes few deaths, but the main risk is cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease is two to three times more common in diabetics than in hypertensive patients of the same age. Diabetes and hypertension are called “sister diseases” because of the similarities in risk factors, target organ lesions, and lifestyle interventions. Hypertension and the kidney Long-term hypertension can cause the small arteries of the kidney to sclerosis, making it difficult for the metabolic wastes in the blood to be excreted through the sclerotic glomeruli, impairing the function of the kidney to purify the blood and leading to a series of adverse consequences. The first sign of kidney problems in hypertensive patients is increased nocturia, which is a sign of renal tubular problems. Secondly, impaired kidney function can also aggravate hypertension, as the kidneys are an important organ for regulating blood pressure. If kidney function is impaired, the excretion of water and salt in the body is affected, and the level of some vascular substances related to the kidneys (related to the contraction and diastole of blood vessels and the height of blood pressure) is increased, which can aggravate the severity of hypertension. Diabetes and nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy is kidney damage, predominantly glomerulopathy, caused by long-term elevated blood glucose and concomitant metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important causes of death in diabetic patients. Diabetic kidney damage may be present at an early stage of diabetes, but there are no clinical manifestations in the early stages, and symptoms often do not appear until 10 years after the onset of the disease, starting with the appearance of small molecules of protein in the urine, followed by a gradual increase in urine protein, which may be accompanied by white blood cells and tubular pattern. As the disease worsens, renal function decreases. In the later stages, protein in the urine gradually increases and 3-4 grams or more of protein can be lost daily, causing swelling and uremia. Patients are often accompanied by hypertension, sometimes complicated by heart failure. Blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy The incidence and rate of hypertension in diabetic patients is significantly higher than in non-diabetic populations, and the proportion of diabetic patients with proteinuria combined with hypertension can reach more than 90%, while the mortality rate of patients with hypertension, diabetes and kidney disease will be significantly higher when they exist together. Medical studies have shown that strict blood pressure control and the application of tubulin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotransforming enzyme receptor antagonists can not only reduce the loss of protein in urine and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but also significantly reduce the mortality rate and prolong the life expectancy of patients.