Previous studies have shown that eating breakfast on time reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults, but little is known about the effect of eating breakfast on time on the risk of diabetes in children. To this end, Professor Angela S. Donin and her team from St. George’s School of Medicine, University of London, conducted a study to examine the association between breakfast frequency and intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in children, particularly insulin resistance and blood glucose, and cardiovascular disease.
The study was a cross-sectional study that examined the relationship between breakfast frequency and intake and risk indicators for type 2 diabetes (specifically insulin resistance and blood glucose) and cardiovascular disease in children. The study was a cross-sectional study that included 4,116 British primary school children aged 9-10 years.
The study was a cross-sectional study that included 4116 British elementary school children aged 9-10 years. Breakfast meal frequency was provided by the subjects, body composition was measured, and fasting blood specimens were retained to measure lipids, serum insulin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. In addition, in a subgroup of 2004
In addition, in a subgroup of 2004 children, subjects were asked to complete a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The study found that of the 4116 children enrolled, 3056 (74%) ate breakfast daily, 450 (11%) ate breakfast regularly, 372 (9%) ate breakfast occasionally, and 286 (6%) ate breakfast rarely.
(6 %) ate breakfast rarely. The frequency of breakfast eating was associated with
Hierarchical correlations between breakfast frequency and risk indicators for type 2 diabetes showed that fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, HbA1c, glucose and urate levels were significantly higher in children who rarely ate breakfast compared with those who ate breakfast every day, and that correcting for obesity status, socioeconomic status and physical activity level did not have a significant effect on these differences. Also, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in children who rarely ate breakfast compared to those who ate breakfast every day.
C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in children who rarely ate breakfast compared to those who ate breakfast every day, but these differences were no longer statistically significant after correcting for obesity status. Children who ate high-fiber cereal for breakfast had significantly lower levels of insulin resistance than children who ate other types of breakfast. In addition, the difference in nutritional intake between groups with different breakfast eating frequencies had no significant effect on the difference in type 2 diabetes indicators.
In addition, the difference in nutritional intake between breakfast eating frequency groups had no significant effect on the difference in type 2 diabetes indicators. This study suggests that children who ate breakfast every day, especially a high-fiber cereal breakfast, had a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Further studies to quantify the effect of breakfast on the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes are also recommended.
The protective effect of breakfast on the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes is recommended.