For patients, in layman’s terms, drug-refractory epilepsy can be simply understood as epilepsy that is difficult to control by drugs or cannot be “cured” by drugs. After a period of antiepileptic treatment, epilepsy is still poorly controlled, and epileptic seizures have a serious impact on life and work, and patients are dissatisfied with or have lost confidence in their drug treatment. There is the idea of looking for other treatments other than drugs. And in medicine, there is a professional definition of drug-refractory epilepsy, although this definition is constantly changing, but the basic content is as follows: It is generally believed that reasonable use of 2-3, first-line antiepileptic drugs for more than 2 years of regular treatment, and the blood drug concentration is within the range of the effective therapeutic concentration, but still can’t control the seizures effectively, and affects the daily life and work of the epilepsy, and after neuroimaging examination, did not find a Neuroimaging tests do not reveal any progressive central nervous system disease or space-occupying lesions, which are considered as “refractory epilepsy”. First-line antiepileptic drugs include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, sodium valproate, phenytoin sodium, phenobarbital, clonazepam tablets and so on.