Red and swollen gums may be caused by gingivitis, periodontitis, medicated gingival hypertrophy, gingivitis in pregnancy and other diseases, as follows. 1. Gingivitis, periodontitis: the gums are bright red or dark red, edematous and flabby, and the gums may bleed when brushing and eating. 2. Pharmacological gingival hypertrophy: antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin sodium, immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, etc., may cause pharmacological gingival hypertrophy, gingival papillae can be bulbous or nodular, hyperplasia gingival surface can be mulberry, hyperplasia can be covered by most of the tooth surface, combined with gingival inflammation, the gingiva can be deep red. 3. Gingivitis in pregnancy: occurs in women during pregnancy, the gums are bright red, swelling is obvious, easy to bleed when lightly touched. Gums red and swollen there may be other reasons, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time to clarify the cause of the disease for targeted treatment. If you need to take medication to treat the disease, you should also strictly follow the doctor’s instructions to reduce the risk of adverse reactions.