Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and other countries around the world. An estimated 156,900 people (85,600 men and 71,300 women) will die from lung cancer in the United States in 2011. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is only 15.6 percent, in part because most patients have advanced lung cancer by the time of their first diagnosis. Effective screening will detect lung cancer earlier (before symptoms appear and when treatment is more likely to be effective) and reduce mortality.8 Currently, most lung cancer patients are only clinically diagnosed when symptoms (e.g., cough, chest pain, weight loss) appear; unfortunately, patients with these symptoms usually have advanced lung cancer. Early detection of lung cancer is an important opportunity to reduce mortality. The development of screening tools to detect early lung cancer has considerable interest. Current data support the use of low-dose spiral CT of the chest (LDCT) to screen high-risk patients who are at high risk for lung cancer.