Do you have family members and friends around you who have been suffering from stomach problems for years? Do they all have similar symptoms, always saying they have stomach discomfort, pain, fullness after meals, belching, acid reflux, even nausea, vomiting, etc.? In fact, gastric disease is a collective term for many diseases, except that they all have similar clinical symptoms. But the incidence of various gastric diseases in the first place, when the chronic gastritis. The data shows that more than 80% of adults have varying degrees of chronic superficial gastritis, and the proportion of patients coming to the gastroenterology clinics at all levels for chronic gastritis is also very high. Chronic gastritis is characterized by non-erosive inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa, such as uneven mucosal color, granular proliferation and abnormal mucosal folds; histology is characterized by significant inflammatory cell infiltration, abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, gastric gland atrophy and scar formation. It is important to note that most adults have inactive, mild chronic superficial gastritis of the gastric mucosa, which can be considered as a physiological mucosal immune response and is not in need of drug therapy. However, the danger of chronic gastritis is that its chronic inflammation can progress to gastric cancer. The pattern of occurrence and development of intestinal gastric cancer: “chronic superficial gastritis → atrophic gastritis → intestinal epithelial hyperplasia (metaplasia) → atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) → gastric cancer” is now recognized. Therefore, if your family and friends have epithelial proliferation abnormalities and gastric gland atrophy after gastroscopy, they must be treated actively. Why do you get chronic gastritis? 1, HP infection Patients with chronic gastritis have a large number of Helicobacter pylori (HP) present in the mucus layer of the gastric sinus near the epithelial cell surface, with a positive rate of 50-80%, which is the most common cause, and the degree of inflammation is positively correlated with the number of bacteria. HP causes cell damage by virtue of the ammonia and vacuolar toxins it produces. 2, duodenal – gastric reflux Gastrointestinal chronic inflammation, digestive malabsorption and power abnormalities caused by. It was found that patients with chronic gastritis often have bile reflux due to dysfunction of the pyloric sphincter, which may be an important causative factor. Long-term reflux can lead to chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. 3, autoimmune gastric body gland wall cells in addition to secrete hydrochloric acid, but also secretes a mucin, called internal factor. The internal factor can combine with vitamin B12 (external factor) in food to form a complex, so that it is not digested by enzymes, and when it reaches the ileum, vitamin B12 is absorbed. When autoantibodies against mural cells or endokines are present in the body, the total number of mural cells as target cells decreases, gastric acid secretion decreases, endokines do not function properly, resulting in malabsorption of vitamin B12 and megaloblastic anemia, called pernicious anemia. The incidence of this disease is higher in Northern Europe. 4, age factors and lack of gastric mucosal nutrient factors The degeneration of local small blood vessels in the gastric mucosa of the elderly, resulting in malnutrition, decreased secretion and reduced barrier function of the gastric mucosa, can be regarded as degenerative changes in the gastric mucosa of the elderly. In addition, taking irritating diets and drugs can also damage the gastric mucosa, and the long-term chronic inflammatory response leads to chronic gastritis. Gastroscopically, chronic atrophic gastritis is characterized by a red-yellow mucosa with swollen and thickened mucosal folds; chronic atrophic weiyan is characterized by a lightened mucosal color, thin and flat folds, reduced mucus, thinning of the mucosa, and sometimes visible mucosal vascular lines. Combined with the above histological examination, the following laboratory tests are then performed: (1) Hp detection, currently widely used 13C- or 14C-urea whistle test. (2) Serum anti-mural cell antibodies, endoglin antibodies and vitamin B12 level measurement. Most patients are asymptomatic and may have dyspeptic symptoms, sometimes with light pressure pain in the epigastrium. If you want to help your family and friends to confirm the diagnosis and treatment, you can recommend them to get the relevant tests. How should chronic gastritis be treated? For Hp-associated gastritis, it is important to eradicate Hp as much as possible, and it is recommended to combine 1 PPI (proton pumpinhibitors) + 2 antibiotics, for example. Omeprazole (esomeprazole) + clarithromycin + amoxicillin; or add bismuth, alanyl-glutamine (Metzolim). The course of treatment 7-14 days, one month after the detection of Hp, if still need to take drugs, can add another course of treatment. 2, with duodenal – gastric reflux indigestion symptoms, can use gastric power drugs 3, autoimmune, can consider the use of glucocorticoids 4, malnutrition, and then pay attention to the supplement multivitamin. But chronic gastritis, in addition to medication, must be instructed to keep the people around to keep a happy spirit, quit smoking, avoid alcohol (tobacco harmful ingredients can contribute to increased secretion of gastric acid, the gastric mucosa has a harmful stimulating effect, excessive smoking can cause bile reflux. The incidence of chronic gastritis is significantly increased by excessive drinking or long-term consumption of strong alcohol that can cause congestion, edema, and even erosion of the gastric mucosa), caution and avoidance of drugs that damage the gastric mucosa, active treatment of oropharyngeal infections, do not swallow sputum, nasal discharge and other bacterial secretions into the stomach, resulting in chronic gastritis. Pay attention to the diet (irritating food and cold indigestible food should be avoided as much as possible, chew slowly when eating, so that the food is fully mixed with saliva, which is conducive to digestion and reduce stomach irritation. Diet should be regular and nutritious, and eat more food containing vitamin A, B and C. (Avoid taking strong tea, strong coffee and other stimulating drinks).