Stroke, also known as “cerebrovascular accident” or “stroke” in Chinese medicine, is a sudden blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, resulting in impaired cerebral blood circulation and damage to brain tissue function or structure. Stroke is divided into two categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Currently, cerebrovascular disease has become the first cause of death in China, with a mortality rate four to five times higher than that of European and American countries and 3.5 times higher than that of Japan. According to the Beijing CDC, the prevalence of stroke among residents aged 45-79 in Beijing is as high as 2.52%. According to the 2009 Beijing cause of death statistics, cerebrovascular disease accounted for 22.57% of all deaths in Beijing, and almost one out of every four deaths was a stroke patient. Moreover, about 68% of stroke deaths are ischemic strokes. Some risk factors for stroke cannot be changed, such as age, gender, race, genetics and low birth weight, but some risk factors can be prevented, such as: smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, obesity and lack of exercise. Currently, the prevention strategy for stroke in Beijing focuses on early screening and early intervention for carotid atherosclerosis and vascular stenosis. Medical studies have shown that the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the internal and external carotid arteries in the human body is highly susceptible to plaque, which causes carotid artery stenosis and leads to the occurrence of stroke. The carotid artery vascular ultrasonography can detect the degree of stenosis, location of lesions, plaque type and blood flow condition of the internal carotid artery. In the second half of 2010, the Municipal Health Bureau launched the “Community Stroke Screening and Prevention and Control Program” in Beijing. As of December 31, 2010, a total of 20,279 residents aged 45 years and above were screened, and 1,881 new cases of carotid stenosis were detected, representing a detection rate of 9.3%. In addition, the project also found 15,511 people with one or more risk factors for stroke through questionnaires. Among them, hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia accounted for 67.6%, 28.3% and 28.0% respectively, which are the three most important risk factors for carotid artery stenosis in Beijing residents aged 45 and above. This also suggests that the focus of intervention for the high-risk group of stroke in Beijing should be to lower blood pressure, quit smoking and control blood lipids. Early detection, early intervention and early treatment of pre-stroke patients are achieved through the implementation of carotid ultrasound, a safe and non-invasive screening tool, as well as risk factor investigation and standardized management of high-risk groups.