Urinary fistulas are abnormal passages that form between the female genital tract and the urinary organs. It mainly includes vesicovaginal fistula, urethrovaginal fistula, vesicourethrovaginal fistula, and urethrovaginal fistula. It is one of the most painful diseases for women, as the urine cannot be controlled to flow out from the vagina, causing great mental and physical pain to the patient due to the abnormal unpleasant fishy smell that affects contact with the surrounding people. The common causes of female urinary fistula are: 1. gynecological surgical injuries cervical cancer retroperitoneal tumors and other surgeries may cause damage to the vesicoureter and form a urinary fistula; 2. birth injuries; 3. trauma, such as pelvic fractures, rough intercourse, etc.; 4. urinary malformations, such as congenital ectopic ureteral openings; 5. advanced bladder tuberculosis, tumors, etc. Strengthening perinatal care and continuously improving the quality of obstetrics and gynecological surgery techniques the vast majority of urinary fistulas can be avoided. Obstetric injuries are the main cause of urinary fistula in developing countries. In the prevention of obstetric fistula, emphasis should be placed on family planning, strengthening the systematic management of maternity, regular pregnancy checkups, early detection of pelvic stenosis, malformation or abnormal fetal position, and timely correction, and early hospitalization for delivery. During transvaginal surgery, the bladder is routinely catheterized and emptied before surgery, and the operating procedures are strictly observed. Routinely check the genital and urinary tracts for damage after surgery, and repair any damage immediately. Anyone who has had a long labor, urinary retention and a history of hematuria should have a catheter in place for about 10 days after delivery to prevent the formation of a urinary fistula. Patients with urinary fistula after healing should have a cesarean section when giving birth again. In the case of serious pelvic surgical adhesions, first carefully separate the adhesions to restore the normal anatomy of the organ. If necessary, the ureter can be freed and the course of its pelvic segment can be traced to avoid damage. Radiation therapy should avoid excessive doses. The uterine tray should be placed daily and taken at night, not for a long time. Do not abuse caustic drugs in the vagina.