True 1. Genitourinary diseases leading to oligozoospermia: Congenital gonadal hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, small testes are the main causes of congenital testicular spermatogenic disorders. Testicular tuberculosis, testicular atrophy (caused by viral mumps), testicular tumors and varicocele can cause secondary testicular spermatogenic disorders. Severe bacterial prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, urethritis and various viral infections of the reproductive tract can affect male fertility. All of these genitourinary disorders can lead to oligozoospermia. Chronic prostatitis is usually not a direct cause of oligozoospermia, unless severe bacterial prostatitis has led to leukocytoclastic spermatosis. 2, endocrine disease caused by oligozoospermia: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (such as Kallmann syndrome), selective luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency (such as pituitary gland dysfunction), hyperprolactinemia (prolactinoma), and so on, can lead to a reduction in the production of spermatozoa. In addition, adrenocortical hyperplasia can inhibit the pituitary gland’s secretion of FSH and LH, which can also lead to decreased spermatogenesis. Long-term diabetes can damage testicular blood vessels and spermatogenic cells, which can reduce spermatogenesis and vitality; severe hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may also affect spermatogenesis and lead to oligozoospermia. 3, occupational exposure factors caused by oligozoospermia: smoking, alcoholism, mental stress, frequent hot baths, often stay up late and overwork will cause low sperm vitality, the presence of these influencing factors in the workplace need to pay special attention. Sperm quality can be improved if the working environment is improved. Some special industries, such as exposure to radiation (welding, radar, radiology, etc.), chemical or industrial reagents (paints, dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, etc.) will have a greater impact on reproductive function, which may lead to permanent or irreversible sperm damage. 4, the drugs caused by oligospermia: (1) idiopathic sperm reduction long-term injection of large quantities of androgens, due to the negative feedback effect of the hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone reduces the gonadotropin secretion is reduced, resulting in sperm reduction or lack of. (2) Chemotherapeutic drugs, dermatologic drugs, some hormonal drugs and some antidepressants can directly or indirectly affect spermatogenesis, such as sulfonamides, furadantin, amphotericin, cyclophosphamide, aminoglutethimide, colchicine, tretinoin, salicylazosulfapyridine, allopurinol, tetracycline, erythromycin and so on. The recovery of sperm quality after stopping the drug depends on the drug used, the duration of use and other factors. The effect of many chemical drugs on sperm quality is still uncertain. It is recommended that men with fertility requirements should use fewer or no chemical drugs during their reproductive years. The drugs that have a clear effect on sperm include chemotherapeutic drugs, some hormonal drugs, and some antidepressants, etc. The recovery of sperm quality after discontinuing these drugs depends on the drugs used, the time of use, and other factors. 5. How can we identify which of the many causes is responsible for hypospermia? For patients with oligozoospermia, it is recommended that targeted male examinations, such as prostate fluid, microbial culture, sex hormones, ultrasound, etc., be conducted to further clarify the diagnosis based on the individual’s cause of illness, occupation, lifestyle habits, and examination results. Therefore, for patients with oligozoospermia, it is recommended to go to regular hospitals for personalized diagnosis and treatment according to the actual situation of the individual. False 1.Sexual function has nothing to do with oligozoospermia There is no direct correlation between sexual function and oligozoospermia. Impotence belongs to the penile spongy body engorgement dysfunction, premature ejaculation belongs to the ejaculation control ability, and oligozoospermia belongs to the spermatozoa problem. The relationship between sexual dysfunction and hypospermia is like the relationship between a gun and a bullet; the problem of the gun (penis) and the problem of the bullet (sperm) are independent of each other. Of course, sexual dysfunction and oligozoospermia can also occur at the same time, such as when the patient has endocrine disorders. 2. Masturbation and frequency of sex are not related to oligozoospermia Masturbation and frequency of sex do not cause oligozoospermia. The testes produce sperm constantly, and masturbation and frequent sex will not lead to the depletion of sperm, nor will it stop the sperm production process, nor will it damage the sperm production function of the testes themselves. If you do not have sex for a long time, it may lead to excessive and prolonged sperm storage in the epididymis and affect sperm vitality, but the problem of sperm vitality can be improved if regular sperm discharge is resumed. Is it always possible to detect the causative factor? No. Symptoms of male infertility are the result of many diseases or factors, but in up to 60-75% of patients, no cause can be found (clinically known as idiopathic male infertility). Similarly, a significant proportion of cases of oligozoospermia, which is called idiopathic oligozoospermia, have no known cause. The fact that the cause of the disease cannot be found does not mean that it is untreatable. Some medications that promote spermatogenesis, improve the microenvironment of spermatogenesis, and antioxidant drugs can play a positive role in improving oligozoospermia. When the cause of the disease is clearly diagnosed and there are therapeutic measures to address the cause of the disease, the treatment results will be more satisfactory, such as surgery for varicocele, gonadotropin therapy, pulsatile GnRH therapy, and promotion of endogenous gonadotropin secretion.