Is it better to change the biological flap or the mechanical flap?

This depends on the age, condition, and special requirements of the patient. In general, older patients without atrial fibrillation may be considered for a bioprosthetic valve, while younger and middle-aged patients are recommended for a mechanical valve. The advantages and disadvantages of replacing a biologic valve with a mechanical valve are shown in the following table: Mechanical valve Biologic valve Materials Metal and advanced composite materials Biologic tissue membrane, homogeneous or heterogeneous heart valve Advantages Long life without lifelong anticoagulation; suitable for patients who cannot take anticoagulants; no valve tone interference; can be maintained for approximately 15 years without failure; significantly better hemodynamics than mechanical valve Disadvantages Lifelong anticoagulation, daily medication; in the event of valve Inadequate anticoagulation can lead to serious consequences such as thromboembolism or hemorrhage; valve sound interference Possibility of reoperation in young and middle-aged patients Age >60 years; contraindications to anticoagulation (e.g., gastric ulcer and other bleeding tendencies); young women who need to have children; remote areas where monitoring of anticoagulation is not available; poor cardiac function with poor long-term results Poor long-term outcome. Mechanical flap Biological