Regarding blood pressure: low salt diet, obesity control and avoidance of alcohol abuse are effective measures to prevent hypertension. For most hypertensive patients, blood pressure control below 140/90mmHg is sufficient, while control below 120/80mmHg is ideal. For patients who already have coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes or kidney disease, blood pressure should be below 130/80mmHg. About lipids: The most important of the lipids is LDL cholesterol, which is the primary goal of treatment in lipids, and the general population requires plasma levels below 160 mg/dL, and below 130 mg/dL if patients have hypertension or/and multiple risk factors. If one already has diabetes or cardiovascular disease, plasma levels should be below 100 mg/dL. Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL. Triglycerides greater than or equal to 300 mg/dL need to be treated with triglyceride-lowering medications. In the range of 150-299 mg/dL they can be lowered through lifestyle improvements such as diet control and exercise. Regarding blood glucose: active exercise, weight maintenance and avoidance of abdominal obesity can prevent the onset of diabetes. According to our national guidelines, for diabetic patients, fasting blood glucose should be controlled at no more than 7 mmol/L, postprandial no more than 10 mmol/L, and glycosylated hemoglobin no more than 7%, which is a very major indicator of diabetes control. And lifestyle improvement as well as diabetic diet is one of the main ways to lower blood sugar. Many of our hypertensive or diabetic patients come to the line at 3:00 in the morning to see the doctor, but they are still smoking every day, I emphasize to these patients that quitting smoking is more important than taking medicine. Smoking is an equally important risk factor as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Regarding alcohol consumption: excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A small amount of alcohol can be consumed, and the amount of alcohol consumed should be limited to less than one or two glasses of white wine or one large glass of red wine per day. The energy contained in beer is relatively high and can easily cause abdominal obesity. About weight: according to the definition of abdominal obesity by the International Diabetes Federation, Chinese men’s waist circumference exceeds 90 centimeters and women’s waist circumference exceeds 85 centimeters as abdominal obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is equal to weight (kg as unit) divided by height (m as unit) squared, if below 24 is normal, 24-28 overweight, greater than or equal to 28 above is obese. About exercise: exercise is very important both for people at risk of cardiovascular disease and for patients with cardiovascular disease. Exercise can reduce weight on the one hand and improve the function of the vascular endothelium on the other hand, which has a certain anti-atherosclerotic effect. It requires 40 minutes to one hour of exercise per day and at least five times a week of moderate intensity activity to achieve light sweating. It may not be the same for different people. Young people can be more active, while older people or patients who are already sick may need a doctor’s guidance on the amount of activity. Exercise should be aerobic, such as running, tai chi, swimming, and table tennis, but weight lifting, tug of war, and other exercises are not recommended. About aspirin: Aspirin is an anti-atherosclerotic drug, and there are very large scale clinical studies abroad which found that aspirin treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events compared to placebo. It is now believed that aspirin should be taken daily for people with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular events of 6% or more (equivalent to two risk factors over the age of 50 and one risk factor over the age of 60). For example, a male hypertensive patient over 50 years of age should take a low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg/day) for life.