Mumps may cause male infertility, but it is less common. The mumps virus can invade other organs and systems. Infertility may only occur when the mumps virus invades the reproductive system and affects the testes, as the mumps virus may cause blockage of the vas deferens, producing inflammation that mostly manifests as unilateral or bilateral testicular redness, swelling and pain. In a few severe cases, it may lead to testicular atrophy, causing irreversible pathological changes in the testes, resulting in oligospermia or even azoospermia, thus affecting fertility. The mumps virus may also invade the nervous system, causing encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Invasion of the reproductive system can also lead to ovarian inflammation in women, although it is relatively uncommon. If you have mumps, you should seek medical attention and early treatment with antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin. If fever and swelling are present, the scrotum can be elevated and a local cold compress applied, or analgesics such as ibuprofen extended-release capsules can be taken under medical supervision. If the mumps is severe and combined with other complications, such as orchitis, meningitis, or myocarditis, it can also be treated with small doses of hormones such as dexamethasone.