As patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are affected by the disease, they have heavy psychological burden, poor appetite and low resistance, so family members should be instructed to encourage patients to eat and give them food with high protein, high “vitamin”, low fat and easy to digest.
For example, beans, milk, fungus, carrots, etc. Tell the patient to stop smoking and drinking, avoid cold and hard food, spicy food and moldy food. Also instruct the family to create a clean and comfortable eating environment for the patient, pay attention to the color and aroma, provide delicious food for the patient, and provide rich nutrition for the patient.
Oral hygiene guidance (1) Oral hygiene is very important for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, so patients should brush their teeth every morning or night before going to bed and after eating.
Tell patients to gargle with 1% licorice solution or take an infusion of maitake, jingyinhua and fat sea when their mouth is dry. Tell the patient and family that tooth extraction is not advisable within 2a to 3a and that fillings are possible. If tooth extraction is needed in the future, provide the past history of radiotherapy to the dentist, and the doctor will routinely give antibiotics before and after the extraction for 3 d to 7 d to prevent the occurrence of radioactive osteomyelitis.
(2) Mouth opening training Do the maximum opening training daily, then practice chewing, cheek puffing, smiling and breath holding 5 times/d to 6 times/d, 5 min/time to 15 min/time.
You can chew gum 3 times/d～5 times/d. Practice tongue extension, retraction, and curl several times a day, and cooperate with head bending and rotation to the left and right, the movement should be slow and the amplitude should not be too large. Tell the patient and family members to continue the rehabilitation training during hospitalization after discharge.
3. Maintain the integrity of the local skin Tell the patient and family that the local skin still needs to be protected for at least 1 month after the end of radiotherapy. Instruct family members to gently dab and wash with warm water or soft towels, prohibit scrubbing with soap, and avoid stimulation with alcohol, iodine, adhesive tape, creams, etc.
Tell the patient to prohibit shaving and that it is advisable to use an electric razor to prevent damage causing local infection. Tell the patient to prevent direct sunlight when going out and should be shaded. Tell patients and their family members not to scratch the local skin, but to pat it gently to stop itching.
4.Psychological guidance Tumor patients are suffering from greater physical and mental pain and suffering, with different degrees of fear and loss of confidence in treatment, so nurses should have noble compassion and sense of responsibility, care and respect for patients and gain their trust.
Understand the psychological state and family environment of each patient, help patients adapt to the hospital environment as soon as possible, enhance their living ability and achieve the best recovery status.