The retroperitoneal space is a potential anatomical cavity located below the diaphragm and above the pelvic septum, corresponding to the posterior abdominal wall and between the mural peritoneum. The retroperitoneal space is also home to many organs, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, most of the ureters, the bulk of the duodenum, and the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that travel behind the peritoneum. The retroperitoneal space is also prone to diseases, commonly retroperitoneal hematomas caused by trauma, where the patient will have significant abdominal distention, mostly combined with vertebral fractures, and tumors, with lymphomas being the most common. Inflammatory infections can also spread through the retroperitoneal space to the upper mediastinum and to the lower pelvic septum, leading to the expansion of the infection and the development of anterior abdominal wall and extraperitoneal infections.