Common preoperative tests and their role

In order to understand the main condition before surgery, we choose to use various auxiliary means such as imaging, ultrasound and CT to clarify the size and nature of the lesion, its relationship with the surrounding organs, and the staging of the lesion, so as to provide a reference for the surgical method. (1) Ultrasonography: It is a non-traumatic examination method that uses the principle of ultrasound to determine the physical properties, morphology, structure and functional status of human soft tissues. Ultrasonography can determine the diameter of the liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, uterus and ovaries and other substantial organs, to understand the shape and internal structure, and can be based on the echogenic characteristics of the tissue structure, to find various types of lesions. To examine the morphology, direction and functional status of certain cystic organs such as gallbladder, bile duct, bladder and stomach. To detect the structure, function and hemodynamic status of the heart, great vessels and peripheral blood vessels. To detect various kinds of fluid accumulation. Fasting should be done before the examination of liver, gallbladder, spleen and pancreas, etc., and the bladder should be filled with urine. (2) X-ray imaging: It is to introduce contrast agent into the body, so that some organs present a different density from the surrounding tissues due to the contrast agent, and use X-ray recordings, through which to achieve an understanding of the morphology and function of the organs, and to diagnose diseases. Commonly, there are gastrointestinal imaging, cardiovascular imaging, barium enema, intravenous pyelography, tubal imaging and so on. (3) Electronic computed tomography, referred to as CT. CT to X-ray beams of certain parts of the body for tomography, using a computer to calculate and analyze the data obtained, and then reconstruct the image, with high density resolution and fairly high spatial resolution, many substantial organs and lesions in plain film can not be displayed, but in the CT map is very clear, CT is a cross-section of the body layer, the localization of foci and Understanding the relative spatial location of organs in relation to each other is particularly favorable. (4) Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, referred to as MRI, the use of human H protons in a strong magnetic field by the pulse excitation, resulting in nuclear magnetic resonance, the signal will be collected by the computer after the resulting data calculation and analysis, and then reconstructed image, the human body is neither ray influence and non-invasive, can be conveniently obtained to reflect the anatomical three-dimensional image, and can reflect the physiology of the body’s tissues, biochemistry and metabolism, MRI in the cranium and spinal disorders, tumors, inflammatory diseases and spinal cord diseases. MRI is very promising in the early diagnosis of cranial, cerebral and spinal disorders, tumors, inflammation and immune diseases. (5) Others: endoscopy, radionuclide scanning, digital subtraction angiography, special laboratory tests.