Transoral total thyroidectomy has the advantages of inconspicuous postoperative scarring and high patient acceptance. Transoral total thyroidectomy is an emerging surgical procedure in recent years. Compared with traditional open surgery, transoral total thyroidectomy is operated through the oral cavity, with a small and hidden incision, small postoperative scar, and a high degree of patient acceptance, which can meet the needs of patients in certain special industries. The incidence of thyroid disorders has increased in recent years, and for certain patients with high cosmetic demands, transoral microscopic thyroidectomy can fulfill their needs. The scar of this procedure is hidden in the oral cavity, providing better cosmetic results and more complete clearance of lymph nodes in the central region than other procedures. However, the procedure requires careful handling and may damage some tissues in the oropharynx. This should be explained to the patient before surgery.