Spondylosis is a disease of the bones, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles of the spine, which in turn compresses, pulls, and stimulates the spinal cord, spinal nerves, blood vessels, and vegetative nerves, resulting in a variety of complex symptoms. Common diseases are cervical spondylosis and lumbar spondylosis. Main symptoms: inability to stand upright, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, memory loss, neck and shoulder pain, loss of appetite, regurgitation, vomiting, lower limb weakness, and in severe cases, paralysis may result. The following hurry and family doctor online editorial to understand the specifics of it. Disease factors 1, incorrect posture, such as: sitting, standing, lying down, and long time in the same position of the ambulatory work or other labor. 2, unreasonable bedding can cause ligament, muscle tension and strain, disc herniation, small joint dysfunction. 3.Wind-cold and dampness will affect the local blood circulation and accelerate the degeneration of tissues. 4.Trauma can worsen the condition, and chronic injury gradually causes aggravation of the disease. 5, psychological factors and poor general health may cause or aggravate the symptoms of spondylosis. 6, genetic factors: about one percent of patients with spondylosis for hereditary. 7.Occupational factors: dancers, long-distance drivers, welders, office workers and people who work with their heads down for a long time. Complications 1, swallowing disorders: a sense of obstruction when swallowing, a sense of foreign body in the esophagus, a few people have nausea, vomiting, hoarseness, dry cough, chest tightness and other symptoms. This is due to the esophageal stenosis caused by the direct compression of the posterior wall of the esophagus by the anterior border of the cervical vertebrae, or it may be caused by the irritation reaction of the soft tissues around the esophagus due to the over-rapid formation of bone spurs. 2.Visual impairment: It is manifested as decreased visual acuity, eye distension, photophobia, tearing, unequal pupil sizes, and even field of vision narrowing and sharp reduction of visual acuity, and blindness can also occur in individual patients. This is related to the cervical spondylosis caused by autonomic disorders and vertebral – basilar artery blood supply and triggered by the occipital lobe of the brain visual center ischemic lesions. 3, cervical heart syndrome: manifested as precordial pain, chest tightness, arrhythmia (such as mid-beat, etc.) and electrocardiogram ST-segment changes, easily misdiagnosed as coronary heart disease. This is caused by the stimulation and compression of the cervical nerve root by the cervical spine. 4. Hypertensive cervical spondylosis: it can cause blood pressure increase or decrease, in which blood pressure increase is more, called “cervical hypertension”. As cervical spondylosis and hypertension are common diseases among middle-aged and old people, they often co-exist. 5, chest pain: manifested as slow onset of intractable unilateral pectoralis major muscle and breast pain, with pectoralis major muscle tenderness during examination. This is related to the compression of cervical 6 and 7 nerve roots by cervical spines. 6, lower limb paralysis: early manifestations of lower limb numbness, pain, claudication, some patients have a feeling like stepping on cotton when walking, individual patients can also be accompanied by defecation, urination disorders, such as urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria or incontinence. This is because the vertebral body side bundle by the cervical bone spur stimulation or compression, resulting in lower limb motor and sensory disorders. 7, sudden collapse: often in standing or walking due to a sudden twisting of the head to appear the body loss of support and sudden collapse, after falling to the ground can quickly wake up, not accompanied by impaired consciousness, and there is no sequela. This kind of patients may be accompanied by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating and other symptoms of vegetative nerve function disorders. This is due to the cervical vertebral proliferative changes compression of the vertebral artery caused by the basilar artery blood supply obstacle, resulting in a momentary cerebral blood supply due to insufficient. Lumbar disc herniation 1, non-surgical treatment Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment. The principle of treatment is not to return the degenerated and protruded disc tissue to its original position, but to change the relative position of the disc tissue and the compressed nerve root or part of it back to reduce the compression on the nerve root, loosen the adhesion of the nerve root and eliminate the inflammation of the nerve root, so as to relieve the symptoms. Non-surgical treatment is mainly applicable to: ① young, first attack or short duration of the disease; ② mild symptoms, symptoms can be relieved by themselves after rest; ③ no obvious spinal stenosis in the imaging examination. (1) Absolute bed rest: When the first attack occurs, bed rest should be strictly applied, emphasizing that one should not get out of bed or sit up for both urination and defecation. After 3 weeks of bed rest, you can get up and move around under the protection of a waist cuff, and do not do any bending and holding action within 3 months. This method is simple and effective, but more difficult to adhere to. After relief, the lumbar back muscle exercise should be strengthened to reduce the chance of recurrence. (2) Traction therapy: the use of pelvic traction can increase the width of the intervertebral space, reduce the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc, the herniated portion of the intervertebral disc back to reduce the irritation and compression of the nerve root, which needs to be carried out under the guidance of a professional doctor. (3) Physiotherapy, massage and acupressure: it can relieve muscle spasm and reduce the pressure within the intervertebral disc, but note that violent massage and acupressure can lead to aggravation of the condition, and caution should be taken. (4) Corticosteroid epidural injection: Corticosteroid is a long-acting anti-inflammatory agent, which can reduce inflammation and adhesion around the nerve root. Generally, long-acting corticosteroid preparation + 2% lidocaine is used for epidural injection, once a week, 3 times for a course of treatment, and another course of treatment can be used after 2-4 weeks. (5) Nucleus pulposus chemical dissolution method: collagenase or papain is injected into the intervertebral disc or between the dura mater and the protruding nucleus pulposus to selectively dissolve the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus without damaging the nerve root, so as to reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc or make the protruding nucleus pulposus smaller, thus relieving the symptoms. However, this method has the risk of allergic reaction. 2. Percutaneous Nucleotomy / Nucleus Pulposus Laser Gasification By entering the intervertebral space under X-ray surveillance with special instruments, part of the nucleus pulposus is crushed and suctioned out or gasified by laser, so as to reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc to alleviate the symptoms, which is suitable for patients with bulging or mild herniation, and is not suitable for patients with combined lateral saphenous stenosis or those with significant herniation or those whose nucleus pulposus has already been dislodged into the vertebral canal. 3, surgical treatment (1) the indications for surgery ① history of more than three months, strict conservative treatment is ineffective or conservative treatment is effective, but often recurring and severe pain; ② the first attack, but the pain is severe, especially in the lower limbs, the patient is difficult to move and sleep, in a forced position; ③ combined with the cauda equina nerve compression manifestations; ④ the emergence of a single nerve root paralysis, accompanied by muscular atrophy, muscle weakness; ⑤ the combination of spinal canal stenosis. ⑤ Combined with spinal canal stenosis. (2) Surgical method: Partial removal of the vertebral plate and synchondrosis through a posterior lumbar back incision, or discectomy of the intervertebral disc through the intervertebral plate space. For central herniated disc, after laminectomy, extradural or intradural discectomy is performed. In combination with lumbar instability and lumbar spinal stenosis, spinal fusion is required at the same time. In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques such as microdiscectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, percutaneous intervertebral foraminoscopy discectomy, etc. have reduced surgical injuries and achieved good results. Acute lumbar sprain Acute stage should be bed rest. If the pressure point is obvious, 1% procaine (or add hydrocortisone acetate 1 ml) can be used to do the pain point closed, and supplemented with physical therapy. Can also be applied locally to activate blood, dissipate bruises, pain relief creams. After the reduction of symptoms, gradually start the low back muscle exercise.