An aortic aneurysm is a permanent dilatation of the wall of the human thoracic aorta; an aortic coarctation is a separation of the aortic wall. Either aortic aneurysm or aortic coarctation eventually affects life due to rupture or ischemia of organs and limbs. The incidence of aortic aneurysm and coarctation is increasing year by year due to aging and increased standard of living, especially in our country where hypertension is not well controlled. The human quest for the treatment of aortic aneurysm and coarctation has long been underway. Since the 1950s, a great progress had been made, that is, the application of artificial blood vessels to replace the diseased aorta. This was a tremendous advance in the history of human medicine. This traditional vascular surgery technique has made possible the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms and coarctations and has saved the lives of countless patients. However, there are still many problems. For example: (1) In order to reveal the lesion well, a thoracic or combined thoracoabdominal incision must be made for this procedure, which can be 40 cm to 100 cm in length. (2) Extensive surgical dissection must be performed to achieve vascular anastomosis. The complex surgical operation, very long anesthesia and operating time, and large amounts of blood loss and replenishment cause great trauma to the procedure. (3) In order to perform vascular anastomosis a vessel must first be blocked. However, the lesions of thoracic aortic aneurysm and coarctation are highly located, and the high block inevitably affects the blood supply to the viscera, spinal cord and lower extremities distant from the block. Therefore, the surgery is prone to major complications such as renal failure, hepatic failure and paraplegia. (4) The high surgical risk, technical complexity and equipment requirements make it difficult to popularize this traditional vascular surgery technique. (5) Traditional vascular surgery techniques have poor treatment outcomes. Take Stanford type B coarctation aneurysm regional vascular replacement surgery as an example, the literature shows that the mortality rate of implementing this surgery is around 30%, while the incidence of paraplegia can be up to 29%. Thus, high trauma, high mortality, and high complications are the characteristics of traditional vascular surgery techniques for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms and coarctation. Our predecessors in cardiovascular surgery have summarized the traditional surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm and coarctation as “bloody battle, night battle, deadly battle”, which shows that there are huge problems in the traditional vascular surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysm and coarctation. It is because of these problems that mankind has never stopped exploring the treatment of aortic aneurysms and coarctations. The search for a technique that allows effective treatment of aneurysms and coarctations while reducing the huge trauma, lowering the risk of surgery and making it easy to promote has been a major issue explored by the international vascular surgery community. It was not until after the 1990s that minimally invasive treatment of aortic aneurysms and coarctation became possible because of the advent of endoluminal vascular surgery techniques. In recent years, with the development of techniques and equipment in endoluminal vascular surgery, the mode of diagnosis and treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms has shifted from the traditional open procedure to an endoluminal approach and has become a minimally invasive treatment modality. The simplicity, minimally invasive and low risk of endoluminal isolation has caused a great shock in the international vascular surgery community, and this technique is rapidly spreading internationally. The overall treatment plan for endoluminal isolation of thoracic aortic aneurysms consists of three parts: preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, endoluminal isolation, and postoperative follow-up. Preoperative diagnosis and evaluation are critical to the success of endoluminal isolation. Common diagnostic methods include color Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA), spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction (CTA), and arteriography (DSA). Of these, color Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive test can be used for diagnostic purposes, DSA is the gold standard for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms and is a monitoring facility for endoluminal isolation. mRA and CTA can measure the shape of the aneurysm and provide parameters for customizing the endoluminal graft. The patient is put under general anesthesia, placed in a lying position, and a longitudinal incision of about 3 cm is made in the inguinal ligament on one side, the femoral artery is dissected out to about 3 cm, the femoral artery is punctured, a sheath of about 2 mm in diameter is inserted, and a guide wire of about 1 mm in diameter is fed through the sheath. When the graft reaches the appropriate position, the graft is released from the introducer system and the memory alloy stent is automatically opened and attached to the vessel wall, completely isolating the aneurysm. The isolated lumen thromboses and gradually contracts, allowing blood to flow through the graft, and the risk of aneurysm rupture is eliminated. Postoperative follow-up of endoluminal isolation is essential to assess graft patency and presence. 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups after surgery, each time with only a CTA, are necessary to know the long-term outcome of the isolation. If traditional open-heart surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysms is a heavy-handed and massively invasive procedure that many patients cannot tolerate and has a high perioperative mortality rate; then intracavitary isolation for thoracic aortic aneurysms can be considered light and minimally invasive, and can be tolerated by almost all patients, and the recent use of various organ-protective drugs and nephroprotective contrast agents for imaging has further reduced the risk of intracavitary isolation. Many patients are able to get out of bed on the 2nd day after intracavitary septation and can be discharged from the hospital in 5 days. It can be said that endoluminal isolation for abdominal aortic aneurysms is not only a revolution in vascular surgery techniques, but also a revolution in expanding the population of people treated for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Endoluminal isolation brings a boon to every abdominal aortic aneurysm patient. The introducer system (which houses the main body clad stent) enters the lumen of the abdominal aortic aneurysm through the femoral artery on one side Once the position is determined, the main body clad stent is released from the introducer system The main body clad stent is completely released and the introducer system is withdrawn from the femoral artery The introducer system (which houses the split-leg clad stent) enters the split-leg interface of the main body through the femoral artery on the other side and is released The clad stent completely isolates the aneurysm and blood flows through the stent The aneurysm lumen outside the stent is thrombosed and the lumen gradually shrinks, relieving the risk of aneurysm rupture.