Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign disease causing dysuria in middle-aged and elderly men, usually occurring after the age of 40, with a prevalence of >50% at the age of 60 and up to 83% at the age of 80 [1,2]. With the accelerated aging process of our society, BPH has become one of the most common diseases in urological clinical diagnosis and treatment [3-5], bringing a heavy economic burden to patients and society. Clinically, the main measures for the treatment of BPH include watchful waiting, drug therapy, surgery and minimally invasive endoluminal therapy. At present, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is still the “gold standard” for clinical treatment of BPH. However, this procedure is mainly applicable to BPH patients with prostate volume below 80 ml, and there are many complications, such as dilutional hyponatremia and hemodilatation caused by excessive absorption of irrigation fluid, retrograde ejaculation, bladder neck contracture, urinary incontinence, urethral stenosis and so on. With the continuous progress of various minimally invasive techniques (e.g., transurethral plasma bipolar electrocautery, transurethral prostate electrification, and transurethral laser surgery) in the field of urology, the proportion of clinical application of TURP has decreased in recent years. With the rapid development of laser technology, a variety of laser techniques have been applied to BPH treatment. Compared with conventional scalpel, laser surgery has less blood loss and is expected to overcome many problems faced during the clinical treatment of BPH. Currently, light sources mainly include holmium laser, green laser, and 2 μm laser [6,7]. Among them, the 2 μm laser has strong tissue vaporization and cutting ability, continuity, high power, and strong working area selectivity (cut surface penetration is only between 2 μm), so it has many advantages of the green laser “vaporization” method and the holmium laser “cutting” technology, and can be used in the clinical treatment of BPH. The 2 μm laser is a micro-volume laser that is used in the treatment of BPH, and it has many advantages over the holmium laser. The 2 μm laser is a continuous laser generated by the excitation of the trace element yttrium-aluminum-garnet (thulium) at wavelengths of 1.91 μm and 2.01 μm, and is commonly referred to as the 2 μm laser. This wavelength has an energy absorption peak close to that of water, causing the water in the tissue to instantly change from liquid to gas, resulting in effective vaporization, cutting and coagulation. The depth of tissue cutting is 2 mm, and the thickness of the coagulation layer is 1 mm, which will not cause serious tissue necrosis and edema. During prostate tissue removal with the 2 μm laser, the blood vessels at the cutting site can be coagulated and closed, which greatly reduces the amount of bleeding during the procedure, and also reduces the absorption of irrigation fluid, effectively improving the safety of this surgical method. From the above study, it is easy to see that there is a significant difference between 2 μm laser surgery and traditional surgical methods in the treatment of BPH. During surgery, the use of high-energy laser can achieve good intraoperative hemostasis while vaporizing and cutting the prostate tissue, thus enhancing the clarity of the surgical field and reducing the need for blood transfusion during surgery. In addition, the greatest advantage of 2 μm laser surgery is its clear efficacy and low surgical risk, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of various potential complications and save social health resources, and improve the quality of work and life of the majority of patients. However, it is worth exploring that although 2 μm laser surgery has natural advantages in overcoming intraoperative bleeding symptoms and postoperative complications compared with the TURP surgical method, some studies have also pointed out that 2 μm laser surgery cannot completely avoid the occurrence of some long-term complications, for example, some studies have reported that a certain percentage (3.57%) of patients will experience a certain degree of bladder failure after 2 μm laser surgery for BPH. patients would experience a certain degree of bladder neck contracture, etc [8]. On the other hand, the surgical cutting order and details of the application of 2 μm laser for BPH vary from center to center, and a standardized procedure has not yet been formed [9-13].