Atrial septal defects of 10mm are not considered serious, while those with a diameter greater than 36mm are considered more serious. Atrial septal defect is a very common type of congenital heart disease, which is caused by an unclosed defect in the atrial septum during embryonic development, often accompanied by arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, and pulmonary hypertension, and the symptoms will gradually aggravate with the age of the patient. If the defect is larger than 8mm, it is unlikely to improve on its own or with conservative treatment, and recovery is difficult. 10mm is usually recommended to be treated surgically, but since it is not too large, an interventional approach can be chosen, which is more effective and has a better postoperative recovery. The age of 3-5 years old for pediatrics is the appropriate age for surgery.