The prevention of cerebrovascular disease (stroke disease) is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, which is like three lines of defense, of which primary prevention is the most effective and important, and its target is the whole society or the high-risk group. With a population of more than 1.3 billion, the number of high-risk groups in China is quite huge, so the benefits of prevention are quite significant. The focus of primary prevention is on health education and behavioral interventions, and the investment is minimal, but the benefits are extremely significant. Primary prevention is prevention at the source, which focuses on controlling the causes and risk factors of stroke before the onset of stroke, that is, prevention at the root or cause. (1) Prevention and control of hypertension: Hypertension is the number one risk factor for stroke, so the general population should have their blood pressure measured once every six months, and patients with hypertension should keep track of their blood pressure. Active control of hypertension can reduce stroke morbidity and mortality by more than 40% respectively, therefore, controlling hypertension is one of the most important primary prevention of stroke. (2) Prevention of cardiogenic stroke: ①Patients with rheumatic heart valve disease and myocardial infarction, who are at high risk for cardiogenic cerebral infarction, should take long-term oral anticoagulants or antiplatelet aggregation drugs to prevent stroke, and should be treated with surgery as early as possible when surgery is indicated. ②Atrial fibrillation: non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation is an important cause of cardiogenic cerebral infarction, mostly seen in the elderly. With the increase in the proportion of elderly population, there is an increase in cerebral embolism caused by atrial fibrillation, which mainly embolizes the middle cerebral artery trunk and causes large infarction in the cerebral hemisphere. (3) Prevention and control of diabetes mellitus: diabetes mellitus can lead to microangiopathy and promote atherosclerosis, which is a risk factor for stroke development. (4) Prevention and control of hyperlipidemia: High cholesterol can lead to heart disease, which indirectly increases the risk of stroke. Mildly elevated cholesterol can be controlled by reducing dietary fat and exercise, while moderately and highly elevated cholesterol needs to be treated with additional medication. (5) Diet and lifestyle. Three meals per day should be normal, with each meal guaranteed to be seven or eight minutes full. Try to eat less or avoid fried, animal fat-rich foods, such as animal offal, chicken skin, and fatty meat. Avoid overly salty and sweet foods, as well as pickled meats, sauces and vegetables. At the same time, pay attention to quit smoking, limit alcohol, regular living, and develop the habit of exercising at least 30 minutes a day. Secondary prevention is also called “three early prevention”, which means early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Secondary prevention is the main measure to prevent or slow down the development of the disease during the onset of the disease. It is mainly aimed at those who have had transient ischemic attacks or have recovered from a mild stroke within a short period of time (within 3 weeks) to prevent a complete stroke. To control the disease and prevent the occurrence of complications. Tertiary prevention For patients who have had a stroke, early and ultra-early treatment to reduce the degree of disability, removal and treatment of risk factors, and prevention of its multiple occurrence is tertiary prevention. Early treatment refers to the treatment of the acute phase of the patient within a few hours after the onset of the stroke; ultra-early treatment refers to the treatment within 6 hours after the onset of the stroke, such as ischemic stroke, thrombolytic treatment should be started within 6 hours after the onset of the stroke, the earlier the intervention of targeted therapeutic measures, the better the treatment effect and the lower the degree of disability. Those who have a history of stroke must raise awareness and pay great attention to it!!! Blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids and blood viscosity should be controlled at an appropriate level to prevent recurrence. Especially in northern areas, special attention should be paid to a light diet and low-fat foods in winter, and dress appropriately when going out to avoid excessive cold leading to vascular spasms in the heart or cerebral vessels and triggering cerebrovascular events. At the same time, you should also exercise properly to avoid the accumulation of body fat due to inactivity.