Chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs are both anti-tumor therapeutic drugs, but there is a big difference between them. The mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs is different, chemotherapeutic drugs act non-selectively on actively growing cells, killing cancer cells while also having a killing effect on normal cells, while targeted drugs act selectively on tumor cells. The application of chemotherapeutic drugs is generally decided based on the results of histopathological specimens, while the application of targeted drugs needs to be decided based on the results of genetic monitoring of histopathological specimens. In terms of adverse reactions, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause multi-systemic adverse reactions, while the adverse reactions of targeted drugs are mostly determined by the mechanism of action of the targeted drugs. For anti-angiogenic targeted drugs, the common adverse reactions are usually hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, etc., while for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the adverse reactions are mostly diarrhea, rash, etc.