Nowadays, people take pictures either with beauty cameras or with software P-maps, because after such photos come out, the person’s face is smooth, white and tender, and a spot can not be found. However, in real life, few people’s faces can be as smooth and white as a peeled egg. So, how exactly do the spots on the face grow out and can they be removed? A. Pigment spots Wang Daguang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Dermatology of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital, introduced that the melanin spots on the human face can be roughly divided into pigment spots and pigment moles. Usually the ones that are as flat as the skin surface are called spots, and the spots are either in the form of large flakes or multiple. Most of the limited melanin lesions above the skin surface are nevi. There are also some nevi that are not above the skin, but most of them are emitting a few, which are different from the large flakes or multiple occurrence of spots. The common spots include freckles, melasma, age spots, etc. The most common spots are freckles Freckles are usually found on the face, neck and back of hands, usually in yellowish brown or dark brown pigmented spots, and about 20%~30% of women have freckles. Freckles are genetically related and usually start to develop around the age of 5, and the spots will increase significantly with age. Sun exposure is a very important trigger factor for freckles. Because the exposure to the hot sun and ultraviolet radiation can activate tyrosinase, accelerate the production of melanin, melanocyte function is active and freckles are formed. The proportion of freckles is higher in Caucasians than in other races because of their lighter skin tone, yellowish hair and sensitivity to sunlight. The main treatment method for freckles is photorejuvenation or laser treatment, both of which are more effective in treating freckles. However, since freckles are hereditary diseases, the current treatment can only remove them temporarily and cannot eradicate them completely. Sun protection after treatment is very important, if sun protection measures are not in place, freckles will easily recur. Wang Daguang especially reminds that freckles cannot be eradicated, so people with freckles should not listen to the propaganda of some beauty institutions that supposedly eradicate freckles, but it is possible to hide freckles through regular treatment. Melasma is the trouble after 30 years old. Melasma mainly appears on the cheek, cheek, forehead and nose of the face, and is mostly symmetrical black or brown spots, which are more common in women who have given birth to children or over 30 years old. The formation of melasma is mainly related to female endocrine disorders, mental stress, various diseases (liver and kidney insufficiency, gynecological diseases, diabetes), as well as the lack of vitamins in the body and the stimulation of external chemical drugs. In addition, sun exposure and the use of cosmetics can also induce melasma. The treatment of melasma is usually oral medication, infusion, or topical medication. For example, oral torsemide, or vitamin C, E, etc. Topical medication refers to some pigment-melting drugs. Wang Daguang specifically mentioned the infusion to remove melasma, which is also known as “whitening injection” in beauty advertisements. Strictly speaking, there is no drug called “whitening injection” in medicine, but its main ingredient is reduced glutathione, which is a kind of liver protector and has certain effect on removing spots. Therefore, patients who want to treat chloasma should go to regular hospitals to receive regular treatment and not to be “fooled” by unqualified beauty salons. It is difficult to remove melasma in the short term, but it can be significantly reduced through comprehensive treatment, and it is less likely to be aggravated once the effect is achieved. The reason for the formation of age spots is the gradual aging of the skin during the metabolic process of human body, the metabolic function of the aging skin loses balance, the local abnormal cell proliferation and more melanocytes, that is, the formation of age spots. During the young and strong period, there are natural antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in the body, and these antioxidant substances will make the free radicals become inert compounds and cannot generate lipid peroxide, so it will not damage the cells. However, as we grow older, the antioxidant function in our body gradually decreases, and free radicals in our body will play a destructive role in our old age, so the skin metabolism becomes imbalanced. Simply put, age spots are the product of skin aging and photoaging. Age spots are relatively well treated, and can be treated by laser or photon for generalized spots, or by freezing for limited spots. In addition to these common spots, there are some other spots that are less common, such as nevus of Ota, cheekbone nevus, generalized freckle-like nevus, coffee spot and so on. Some of these spots are congenital and become birthmarks for unknown reasons, such as nevus of Ota, and some are hereditary, such as cheekbone nevus. The treatment of spots requires patience and different treatment plans according to the individual. Therefore, it is very important to choose a regular medical institution. Pigmented nevus can be broadly divided into congenital and acquired nevus. Congenital pigmented nevi are usually large and hairy, such as congenital giant nevus. And acquired pigmented nevi can be divided into junctional nevi that are flat on the skin, intradermal nevi that are higher than the skin, and compound nevi. Some people want to get rid of moles on their face in order to be beautiful. In fact, medically, whether a mole should be removed or not depends mainly on whether it will be malignant. If a pigmented mole suddenly changes, such as becoming larger, darker, bleeding, breaking, etc., or changing from no feeling to pain or itching, you should be alert to the possibility of cancerous changes. For flat pigmented nevi less than 2 mm in diameter, laser treatment is an option, and if it is more than 2 mm, surgery is usually the preferred treatment. This is because if pigmented moles larger than 2 mm are treated with laser, the defects formed by cauterization will not be repaired by normal skin, so they will easily leave scars and affect the beauty, and if larger pigmented moles are not removed cleanly by laser, the remaining mole cells will become malignant and lead to the occurrence of deadly melanoma. Third, spot and health in the end there is no relationship Now many health articles will mention that spots in different locations on the face suggest health problems in certain parts of the body, is such a viewpoint reliable? A small number of spots are indeed related to human health, but most of them are not related. For example, spots on the lips may indicate pigmented intestinal polyp syndrome; many coffee spots on the face and body may be neurofibromatosis; and generalized dark spots all over the body indicate leopard syndrome.