Vascular follicular lymph node hyperplasia is a reactive lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology. Vascular follicular lymph node hyperplasia refers to lymphoid follicles, blood vessels, and plasma cells that show varying degrees of hyperplasia. Clinically, it manifests mainly as significant enlargement of deep or superficial lymph nodes, which may be accompanied by low or high fever, malaise, lethargy, and anemia. The specific etiology of vascular follicular lymph node hyperplasia has not been clarified. Current research suggests that it may be related to viral infections as well as inflammation. Viral infections are currently considered to be an important cause of vascular follicular lymphadenopathy. The patient is advised to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Focal hyperplasia can be treated surgically by removing the diseased tissue. Multicentric hyperplasia can be treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.