Symptoms of late stage myeloma before death

The main symptoms of advanced myeloma before death are: i. Hypercalcemia. Due to extensive osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia can occur, manifested as anorexia, nausea, polyuria, thirst, irritability, cardiac arrhythmia, and even coma. Second, skeletal lesions. Bone pain is the main clinical symptom, commonly in the chest and low back, aggravated by activity, the affected bones can be locally elevated, with elasticity and sound when pressed, prone to pathological fractures, and can cause compression of nerve roots or spinal cord. Third, kidney damage. Manifestation of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome, but mostly not accompanied by hypertension, myeloma nephropathy and hypercalcemia are the main causes of kidney damage. Fourth, manifestations of anemia and bleeding. All patients have varying degrees of anemia in the late stage due to decreased erythropoietin and secondary infection. Decreased platelet production and interference of M protein with platelet and coagulation system function cause bleeding of skin mucosa in patients, and visceral and intracranial bleeding may occur in the late stage.