Normally, the application of thrombopoietin takes about 7 days to be effective. The normal platelet life cycle is 7-10 days, which means that after the application of thrombopoietin, it takes about 7-10 days for the newly generated platelets to be released into the peripheral blood. The most commonly used thrombopoietin in clinical practice is recombinant human thrombopoietin, which is a cytokine that binds to the receptors of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow to promote the proliferation and division of megakaryocytes, producing a large number of platelets that can be released into the peripheral blood to compensate for the reduced number of platelets in the peripheral blood, thus improving the symptoms of bleeding in the body. In clinical practice, recombinant human thrombopoietin has a wide range of applications, and can be used in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, as well as in patients with aplastic anemia, while patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome can also be treated with thrombopoietin when the platelet count is severely reduced after chemotherapy.