The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, the brain is located in the cranial cavity, the spinal cord is located in the spinal canal, and the spinal cord enters the cranial cavity upward through the occipital foramen magnum at the base of the skull, which is continued as the brain stem. The brain is the most advanced part of the central nervous system, and according to its anatomical structure, it can be divided into the telencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain, cerebral bridge, and medulla oblongata, with the latter three making up the brainstem. The telencephalon is the most advanced part of the brain, and the gray matter layer on its surface is called the cerebral cortex, which is the highest center of human consciousness, emotion, movement, thinking and other high-level activities. The cerebellum is located in the posterior fossa of the skull and is primarily responsible for motor coordination and body balance. The mesencephalon contains many neuronal nuclei, which play an important role in maintaining the waking state of the body, memory, and visual and auditory regulation. The brainstem is an important structure that connects the telencephalon to the spinal cord and plays an important role in sensory conduction and motor regulation. In addition, the brainstem is the center for vital signs such as respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature. The spinal cord, located in the spinal canal, is a low-level part of the central nervous system, which sends out 31 pairs of spinal nerves to innervate the movement of the trunk and limbs, and conduct the sensation of the trunk and limbs, whose activities are controlled by the high-level centers, and at the same time, it can send out some low-level reflexes.