Congenital megacolon (no ganglion cell syndrome) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malformations in pediatric surgery, characterized by constipation and a high incidence of ganglion cell loss in the intestinal segment of the lesion: the incidence is slightly higher in males than in females, with a familial tendency. In addition to microscopic analysis of possible causes, air pollution, harmful food additives, intrauterine viral infections and other possible etiological diagnoses have attracted more and more attention from relevant departments. The typical clinical manifestations of congenital megacolon are intermittent or progressive abdominal distension, defecation difficulties and incomplete intestinal obstruction in severe cases, which can lead to prolonged inability to eat normally and water-electrolyte imbalance combined with enteritis, which can lead to local and systemic infection toxic symptoms and even megacolon crisis with delayed treatment, which can cause intestinal perforation, peritonitis and sepsis due to severe abdominal distension, and the condition can deteriorate rapidly and eventually death. If parents find that their children have difficulty defecating and other symptoms, they must promptly seek medical attention.