Patient: What about azoospermia? Doctor: There are two types of azoospermia: one is the dysfunction of the testes themselves called primary azoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia, and the other is the normal spermatogenesis of the testes, but the sperm produced cannot be discharged from the body due to the obstruction of the vas deferens, called obstructive azoospermia. The latter can be subjected to IVF, while the former cannot. Therefore, it is necessary to first clarify which type of azoospermia is present. Sex hormones and testicular biopsy will need to be checked.