Simple emphysema is not scary, and strict control of risk factors can prevent the progression of the disease. Emphysema is an abnormal enlargement of the gas lumen at the end of the fine bronchioles accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to a decrease in gas exchange and retention of gases, and the process cannot be reversed. It is also a disease state of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mild emphysema is asymptomatic, while severe emphysema may manifest as dyspnea and shortness of breath, often occurring during acute exacerbations of COPD. Smoking is the clearest risk factor for emphysema, and smoking cessation is one of the most effective treatments to prevent further progression of emphysema and improve exercise tolerance and health status. Although emphysema can no longer be reversed, it can be slowed down by lifestyle adjustments and active treatment. The cause of the disease is clear, preventable and treatable, and patients are advised to seek medical attention in a timely manner and take medication as prescribed by their doctors.