Rubella, also known as “wind cholera”, cholera, etc., is a common respiratory infection in children. It is a common respiratory infection in children. The rash comes and goes quickly, like a gust of wind, hence the name “rubella”. Rubella is an acute respiratory infection caused by the rubella virus, and is one of the national statutory category C infectious diseases. The incubation period is 14-21 days. The disease can develop throughout the year, but is more common from March to May. A longer lasting immunity can be acquired after infection. Patients are the only source of infection, including those with subclinical type or latent infection, and are generally transmitted by airborne droplets, whose conjunctival secretions, nasal, oropharyngeal, and tracheal secretions contain the virus, which is transmitted by droplets emitted during coughing and sneezing; rubella virus infection in pregnant women in early pregnancy can also be transmitted vertically to the fetus through the placenta. The three stages of rubella: 1. prodromal phase: often starts with low fever, general malaise and rash, which may be accompanied by sore throat, light cough and runny nose. The rash appears soon after the onset of fever, usually 1-2 days after the onset of fever, and is a congested maculopapular rash, 2-3 mm in diameter, with normal skin between the rash, which first appears on the face and neck and covers the entire body within 24 hours. The rash is characterized by a small, light-colored, early appearance and mild systemic symptoms, which can be distinguished from measles. At the same time, the superficial lymph nodes of the body are swollen, with the swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, occipital area and back of the neck being the most obvious. 3, recovery period: the rash subsides after 2-3 days, generally does not leave pigmentation, and does not flake, which is also a feature that can be distinguished from typical measles. Rubella rash recedes when the body temperature returns to normal, the systemic symptoms disappear. Complications: Although rubella patients generally have mild systemic symptoms, with only a few patients having enlarged lymph nodes and splenomegaly, there is still a risk of serious complications. 1. Rubella virus can be transmitted to the fetus via the placenta and usually occurs during the first 4 months of pregnancy. Infected fetuses are stunted in utero, and 20%-80% of infants are born with congenital organ defects, including ocular cataracts, retinopathy, hearing impairment, cardiac and macrovascular malformations, and complications such as active hepatitis, anemia, purpura, meningitis, and progressive encephalitis, etc. The long-term effects also include mental developmental disorders, diabetes, and other serious consequences, collectively referred to as “Congenital rubella syndrome” (CRS). The three most common typical features of “congenital rubella syndrome” are deafness, cataracts, and congenital heart disease. 2, rubella encephalitis is a serious complication, although extremely rare, the incidence is only about 1/5000, but the death rate can be as high as 20%, but fortunately survivors are mostly without intellectual disability.