Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor that originates from the renal tubular epithelium and accounts for 80% to 90% of renal malignancies. The most common histopathological type of renal cell carcinoma is clear cell carcinoma, followed by papillary renal cell carcinoma and suspicious cell carcinoma, as well as rare types of renal cell carcinoma such as collecting duct carcinoma.
With the development of medical imaging, the detection rate of early renal cell carcinoma has gradually increased, and satisfactory results can be achieved in limited renal cell carcinoma by nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy (RN), which preserves the kidney unit. According to statistics, the number of patients diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma has decreased from 30% a few years ago to 17%, and with the continued development of targeted therapies and the rise of immunotherapy, the number of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma is increasing.
With the continued development of targeted therapies and the rise of immunotherapy, the outcome of advanced renal cell carcinoma has gradually improved.