How is osteoarthritis of the knee treated in Chinese medicine?

  Internal treatment Li Xiao-Lan et al. classified knee osteoarthritis into qi stagnation and blood stasis type, cold and damp paralysis type, and liver and kidney deficiency type according to clinical evidence. For the qi stagnation and blood stasis type, Qiang Wu, Dou Wu, Gentiana, Hong Hua, Tao Ren, Di Long, Gan Cao, Niubizi, Chuan Xiong and Angelica. For damp-heat, add Atractylodes and Phellodendron; for blood deficiency, add Colla Corii Asini and Corydalis; for arthralgia, add Bupleurum; for cold pain in the joints, add Radix et Rhizoma Pleurae and Cinnamomum; for blood stasis, add Lonicerae; for joint swelling and stiffness, combine with Er Chen Tang. For cold and damp paralysis, we use Angelica sinensis, Gui Zhi, Radix Paeoniae, Radix et Rhizoma, Dried Herbs, Tong Cao and Dazao. For the type of liver and kidney deficiency, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Eucommia globulus, Paeonia lactiflora, Chuanxiong rhizome, Di Long, Hong Hua, Tao Ren, Chen Pi, Cicada, Fang Feng, Jing Zhi Zhi, Han Xia, etc. were used. A total of 40 cases were treated, and the total effective rate reached 87.25%. Han Xiaoqiang et al. treated 78 cases of this disease with internal treatment, manipulation and functional exercise using San Piao Tang, and the total effective rate reached 93.59%. Liang et al. treated 40 cases of kidney Yang deficiency blood stasis and kidney Yin deficiency blood stasis with homemade knee tonic 1 and knee tonic 2 and with knee extension muscle training, and compared them with the simple Chinese medicine group, and the efficacy was determined by HSS, the results were 91,10±5,54 in this group and 82,95±7,26 in the control group, the treatment group was better than the control group.  1,9,2 The external treatment method includes fumigation, compressing and ion introduction of Chinese medicine. Zhou Jian et al. used Zhan tendon and blood circulation (3 g each of red ginseng, musk and copper green, 30 g each of hearthstone, 10 g each of pearl powder and angelica, 20 g each of frankincense, myrrh and amber, and 5 g of nux vomica) to grind on the knee eye and painful points, together with manipulation and intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate, treating 116 cases with a total efficiency of 98,20%. Ma Shengli et al. treated 42 cases of this disease with a total effective rate of 92.9% by using internal pain and stasis removal soup (Gentiana macrophylla, safflower, peach kernel, J JI rhizome, dried herbs, myrrh, angelica, qiangwu, wulingdian, cow knee, aromatic herb, dragon) and hot compress (doklamia, fangfeng, gentiana, liuyanu, tulip, pepper, mugwort, mulberry, cinnamon stick, safflower, papaya, cow knee, stretching tendon grass) externally. Wang Sheng et al. treated 30 cases of this disease with ion introduction of Chinese herbal medicine (Liu Yao Nuo, Turbinicarpus, Gui Zhi, Wei Ling Xian, Xu Changqing, Wu Jia Pi, Hai Tong Pi) combined with vitamin A, c, D and E orally, and the total effective rate reached 93.3%.  1, 10 Exercise and rehabilitation Slow, gentle extension activities during exercise will help prevent joint stiffness, such as walking, swimming, yoga and tai chi; aerobic exercises that are both therapeutic and recreational, knee extension, knee flexion, straight leg raise, quadriceps and N cord muscle exercises can enhance the strength of quadriceps and other muscles, strengthen joint stability and enhance the soft tissue toughness of the knee joint. Doctors can develop a suitable exercise program for individual patients according to their different conditions, and carry out the program in a step-by-step manner, which can effectively reduce the pain of the disease.  1. 1 1 Canes, limbs and knee pads? The use of walking sticks and limb devices can share the stress on the knee joint, protect the knee joint, and avoid excessive tension and strain on the joint. Knee pads are generally worn in mild cases and canes are used in severe cases. Wearing orthopedic shoes or limb devices can help reduce medial and lateral knee stress and pain, evenly distribute the load on the knee joint, and increase knee stability.  1.12 Gene therapy¨ involves injecting a type of cell derived from synovial fluid that blocks the immune factors that cause cartilage lysis. Studies have found that an immune system protein called “transfer growth factor” may repair joint damage caused by osteoarthritis, and transfer growth factor DNA has been found to eliminate joint inflammation and cartilage breakdown. At present, this therapy is still in the experimental stage and has yet to enter the clinic.  1.13 Comprehensive therapy Currently, it is believed that single physical therapy is not effective, and the use of comprehensive therapy can achieve better results. Peng Wenzhong et al. used intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate, painful small acupuncture, acupuncture, Chinese herbal fumigation and functional exercise to treat 63 cases of this disease, with a total efficiency of 95,2%. Han Yuewu orally cited 67 cases treated with Chinese herbal external washing, hot compress, acupuncture, and closure therapy, and another 60 cases were closed as the control group, and the total effective rate of this group reached 91.04%, and the total effective rate of the control group reached 80.04%. Yang Bo JI just treated 226 cases with anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, intra-articular injection, Chinese herbal hot compress, Chinese herbal ion introduction, oral administration of Chinese herbal bone strengthening pills and osteophyte tablets. 112 cases (49, 55%) were effective, 109 cases (48, 23%) were effective, and 5 cases (2, 21%) were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 97, 78%.